19 Search Results for "Gerhard, Michael"

Document
Extended Abstract
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2023.16
A Decomposition Framework for Inconsistency Handling in Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning (Extended Abstract)

Authors: Yakoub Salhi and Michael Sioutis

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 278, 30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023)

Abstract
Dealing with inconsistency is a central problem in AI, due to the fact that inconsistency can arise for many reasons in real-world applications, such as context dependency, multi-source information, vagueness, noisy data, etc. Among the approaches that are involved in inconsistency handling, we can mention argumentation, non-monotonic reasoning, and paraconsistency, e.g., see [Philippe Besnard and Anthony Hunter, 2008; Gerhard Brewka et al., 1997; Koji Tanaka et al., 2013]. In the work of [Yakoub Salhi and Michael Sioutis, 2023], we are interested in dealing with inconsistency in the context of Qualitative Spatio-Temporal Reasoning (QSTR) [Ligozat, 2013]. QSTR is an AI framework that aims to mimic, natural, human-like representation and reasoning regarding space and time. This framework is applied to a variety of domains, such as qualitative case-based reasoning and learning [Thiago Pedro Donadon Homem et al., 2020] and visual sensemaking [Jakob Suchan et al., 2021]; the interested reader is referred to [Michael Sioutis and Diedrich Wolter, 2021] for a recent survey. Motivation. In [Yakoub Salhi and Michael Sioutis, 2023], we study the decomposition of an inconsistent constraint network into consistent subnetworks under, possible, mandatory constraints. To illustrate the interest of such a decomposition, we provide a simple example described in Figure 1. The QCN depicted in the top part of the figure corresponds to a description of an inconsistent plan. Further, we assume that the constraint Task A {before} Task B is mandatory. To handle inconsistency, this plan can be transformed into a decomposition of two consistent plans, depicted in the bottom part of the figure; this decomposition can be used, e.g., to capture the fact that Task C must be performed twice. More generally, network decomposition can be involved in inconsistency handling in several ways: it can be used to identify potential contexts that explain the presence of inconsistent information; it can also be used to restore consistency through a compromise between the components of a decomposition, e.g., by using belief merging [Jean-François Condotta et al., 2010]; in addition, QCN decomposition can be used as the basis for defining inconsistency measures. Contributions. We summarize the contributions of [Yakoub Salhi and Michael Sioutis, 2023] as follows. First, we propose a theoretical study of a problem that consists in decomposing an inconsistent QCN into a bounded number of consistent QCNs that may satisfy a specified part in the original QCN; intuitively, the required common part corresponds to the constraints that are considered necessary, if any. To this end, we provide upper bounds for the minimum number of components in a decomposition as well as computational complexity results. Secondly, we provide two methods for solving our decomposition problem. The first method corresponds to a greedy constraint-based algorithm, a variant of which involves the use of spanning trees; the basic idea of this variant is that any acyclic constraint graph in QSTR is consistent, and such a graph can be used as a starting point for building consistent components. The second method corresponds to a SAT-based encoding; every model of this encoding is used to construct a valid decomposition. Thirdly, we consider two optimization versions of the initial decomposition problem that focus on minimizing the number of components and maximizing the similarity between components, respectively. The similarity between two QCNs is quantified by the number of common non-universal constraints; the interest in maximizing the similarity lies mainly in the fact that it reduces the number of constraints that allow each component to be distinguished from the rest. Of course, our previous methods are adapted to tackle these optimization versions, too. Additionally, we introduce two inconsistency measures based on QCN decomposition, which can be seen as counterparts of measures for propositional KBs introduced in [Matthias Thimm, 2016; Meriem Ammoura et al., 2017], and show that they satisfy several desired properties in the literature. Finally, we provide implementations of our methods for computing decompositions and experimentally evaluate them using different metrics.
Cite as

Yakoub Salhi and Michael Sioutis. A Decomposition Framework for Inconsistency Handling in Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning (Extended Abstract). In 30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 278, pp. 16:1-16:3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{salhi_et_al:LIPIcs.TIME.2023.16,
  author =	{Salhi, Yakoub and Sioutis, Michael},
  title =	{{A Decomposition Framework for Inconsistency Handling in Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning}},
  booktitle =	{30th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2023)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:3},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-298-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{278},
  editor =	{Artikis, Alexander and Bruse, Florian and Hunsberger, Luke},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2023.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-191062},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TIME.2023.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: Spatial and Temporal Reasoning, Qualitative Constraints, Inconsistency Handling, Decomposition, Inconsistency Measures}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.12
Unlabeled Multi-Robot Motion Planning with Tighter Separation Bounds

Authors: Bahareh Banyassady, Mark de Berg, Karl Bringmann, Kevin Buchin, Henning Fernau, Dan Halperin, Irina Kostitsyna, Yoshio Okamoto, and Stijn Slot

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 224, 38th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2022)

Abstract
We consider the unlabeled motion-planning problem of m unit-disc robots moving in a simple polygonal workspace of n edges. The goal is to find a motion plan that moves the robots to a given set of m target positions. For the unlabeled variant, it does not matter which robot reaches which target position as long as all target positions are occupied in the end. If the workspace has narrow passages such that the robots cannot fit through them, then the free configuration space, representing all possible unobstructed positions of the robots, will consist of multiple connected components. Even if in each component of the free space the number of targets matches the number of start positions, the motion-planning problem does not always have a solution when the robots and their targets are positioned very densely. In this paper, we prove tight bounds on how much separation between start and target positions is necessary to always guarantee a solution. Moreover, we describe an algorithm that always finds a solution in time O(n log n + mn + m²) if the separation bounds are met. Specifically, we prove that the following separation is sufficient: any two start positions are at least distance 4 apart, any two target positions are at least distance 4 apart, and any pair of a start and a target positions is at least distance 3 apart. We further show that when the free space consists of a single connected component, the separation between start and target positions is not necessary.
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Bahareh Banyassady, Mark de Berg, Karl Bringmann, Kevin Buchin, Henning Fernau, Dan Halperin, Irina Kostitsyna, Yoshio Okamoto, and Stijn Slot. Unlabeled Multi-Robot Motion Planning with Tighter Separation Bounds. In 38th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 224, pp. 12:1-12:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{banyassady_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.12,
  author =	{Banyassady, Bahareh and de Berg, Mark and Bringmann, Karl and Buchin, Kevin and Fernau, Henning and Halperin, Dan and Kostitsyna, Irina and Okamoto, Yoshio and Slot, Stijn},
  title =	{{Unlabeled Multi-Robot Motion Planning with Tighter Separation Bounds}},
  booktitle =	{38th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2022)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-227-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{224},
  editor =	{Goaoc, Xavier and Kerber, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-160203},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: motion planning, computational geometry, simple polygon}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.CERTS.2019.2
System Calls Instrumentation for Intrusion Detection in Embedded Mixed-Criticality Systems

Authors: Marine Kadar, Sergey Tverdyshev, and Gerhard Fohler

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 73, 4th International Workshop on Security and Dependability of Critical Embedded Real-Time Systems (CERTS 2019)

Abstract
System call relative information such as occurrences, type, parameters, and return values are well established metrics to reveal intrusions in a system software. Many Host Intrusion Detection Systems (HIDS) from research and industry analyze these data for continuous system monitoring at runtime. Despite a significant false alarm rate, this type of defense offers high detection precision for both known and zero-day attacks. Recent research focuses on HIDS deployment for desktop computers. Yet, the integration of such run-time monitoring solution in mixed-criticality embedded systems has not been discussed. Because of the cohabitation of potentially vulnerable non-critical software with critical software, securing mixed-criticality systems is a non trivial but essential issue. Thus, we propose a methodology to evaluate the impact of deploying system call instrumentation in such context. We analyze the impact in a concrete use-case with PikeOS real-time hypervisor.
Cite as

Marine Kadar, Sergey Tverdyshev, and Gerhard Fohler. System Calls Instrumentation for Intrusion Detection in Embedded Mixed-Criticality Systems. In 4th International Workshop on Security and Dependability of Critical Embedded Real-Time Systems (CERTS 2019). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 73, pp. 2:1-2:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{kadar_et_al:OASIcs.CERTS.2019.2,
  author =	{Kadar, Marine and Tverdyshev, Sergey and Fohler, Gerhard},
  title =	{{System Calls Instrumentation for Intrusion Detection in Embedded Mixed-Criticality Systems}},
  booktitle =	{4th International Workshop on Security and Dependability of Critical Embedded Real-Time Systems (CERTS 2019)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:13},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-119-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{73},
  editor =	{Asplund, Mikael and Paulitsch, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.CERTS.2019.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108933},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.CERTS.2019.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Instrumentation, Mixed-criticality, Real-Time, System Calls, Host Intrusion Detection Systems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2017.2
Contention-Aware Dynamic Memory Bandwidth Isolation with Predictability in COTS Multicores: An Avionics Case Study

Authors: Ankit Agrawal, Gerhard Fohler, Johannes Freitag, Jan Nowotsch, Sascha Uhrig, and Michael Paulitsch

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 76, 29th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2017)

Abstract
Airbus is investigating COTS multicore platforms for safety-critical avionics applications, pursuing helicopter-style autonomous and electric aircraft. These aircraft need to be ultra-lightweight for future mobility in the urban city landscape. As a step towards certification, Airbus identified the need for new methods that preserve the ARINC 653 single core schedule of a Helicopter Terrain Awareness and Warning System (HTAWS) application while scheduling additional safety-critical partitions on the other cores. As some partitions in the HTAWS application are memory-intensive, static memory bandwidth throttling may lead to slow down of such partitions or provide only little remaining bandwidth to the other cores. Thus, there is a need for dynamic memory bandwidth isolation. This poses new challenges for scheduling, as execution times and scheduling become interdependent: scheduling requires execution times as input, which depends on memory latencies and contention from memory accesses of other cores - which are determined by scheduling. Furthermore, execution times depend on memory access patterns. In this paper, we propose a method to solve this problem for slot-based time-triggered systems without requiring application source-code modifications using a number of dynamic memory bandwidth levels. It is NoC and DRAM controller contention-aware and based on the existing interference-sensitive WCET computation and the memory bandwidth throttling mechanism. It constructs schedule tables by assigning partitions and dynamic memory bandwidth to each slot on each core, considering worst case memory access patterns. Then at runtime, two servers - for processing time and memory bandwidth - run on each core, jointly controlling the contention between the cores and the amount of memory accesses per slot. As a proof-of-concept, we use a constraint solver to construct tables. Experiments on the P4080 COTS multicore platform, using a research OS from Airbus and EEMBC benchmarks, demonstrate that our proposed method enables preserving existing schedules on a core while scheduling additional safety-critical partitions on other cores, and meets dynamic memory bandwidth isolation requirements.
Cite as

Ankit Agrawal, Gerhard Fohler, Johannes Freitag, Jan Nowotsch, Sascha Uhrig, and Michael Paulitsch. Contention-Aware Dynamic Memory Bandwidth Isolation with Predictability in COTS Multicores: An Avionics Case Study. In 29th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 76, pp. 2:1-2:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{agrawal_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2017.2,
  author =	{Agrawal, Ankit and Fohler, Gerhard and Freitag, Johannes and Nowotsch, Jan and Uhrig, Sascha and Paulitsch, Michael},
  title =	{{Contention-Aware Dynamic Memory Bandwidth Isolation with Predictability in COTS Multicores: An Avionics Case Study}},
  booktitle =	{29th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2017)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-037-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{76},
  editor =	{Bertogna, Marko},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2017.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-71740},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2017.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dynamic memory bandwidth isolation, Safety-critical avionics, COTS multicores}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.5
Fine-Grained Complexity Analysis of Two Classic TSP Variants

Authors: Mark de Berg, Kevin Buchin, Bart M. P. Jansen, and Gerhard Woeginger

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 55, 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)

Abstract
We analyze two classic variants of the Traveling Salesman Problem using the toolkit of fine-grained complexity. Our first set of results is motivated by the Bitonic tsp problem: given a set of n points in the plane, compute a shortest tour consisting of two monotone chains. It is a classic dynamicprogramming exercise to solve this problem in O(n^2) time. While the near-quadratic dependency of similar dynamic programs for Longest Common Subsequence and Discrete Fréchet Distance has recently been proven to be essentially optimal under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis, we show that bitonic tours can be found in subquadratic time. More precisely, we present an algorithm that solves bitonic tsp in O(n*log^2(n)) time and its bottleneck version in O(n*log^3(n)) time. In the more general pyramidal tsp problem, the points to be visited are labeled 1, ..., n and the sequence of labels in the solution is required to have at most one local maximum. Our algorithms for the bitonic (bottleneck) tsp problem also work for the pyramidal tsp problem in the plane. Our second set of results concerns the popular k-opt heuristic for tsp in the graph setting. More precisely, we study the k-opt decision problem, which asks whether a given tour can be improved by a k-opt move that replaces k edges in the tour by k new edges. A simple algorithm solves k-opt in O(n^k) time for fixed k. For 2-opt, this is easily seen to be optimal. For k = 3 we prove that an algorithm with a runtime of the form ~O(n^{3-epsilon}) exists if and only if All-Pairs Shortest Paths in weighted digraphs has such an algorithm. For general k-opt, it is known that a runtime of f(k)*n^{o(k/log(k))} would contradict the Exponential Time Hypothesis. The results for k = 2, 3 may suggest that the actual time complexity of k-opt is Theta(n^k). We show that this is not the case, by presenting an algorithm that finds the best k-move in O(n^{lfoor 2k/3 rfloor +1}) time for fixed k >= 3. This implies that 4-opt can be solved in O(n^3) time, matching the best-known algorithm for 3-opt. Finally, we show how to beat the quadratic barrier for k = 2 in two important settings, namely for points in the plane and when we want to solve 2-opt repeatedly
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Mark de Berg, Kevin Buchin, Bart M. P. Jansen, and Gerhard Woeginger. Fine-Grained Complexity Analysis of Two Classic TSP Variants. In 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 55, pp. 5:1-5:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{deberg_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.5,
  author =	{de Berg, Mark and Buchin, Kevin and Jansen, Bart M. P. and Woeginger, Gerhard},
  title =	{{Fine-Grained Complexity Analysis of Two Classic TSP Variants}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-013-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{55},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Mitzenmacher, Michael and Rabani, Yuval and Sangiorgi, Davide},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-62770},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Traveling salesman problem, fine-grained complexity, bitonic tours, k-opt}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.10081.7
Coming up With Good Excuses: What to do When no Plan Can be Found

Authors: Moritz Göbeldecker, Thomas Keller, Patrick Eyerich, Michael Brenner, and Bernhard Nebel

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10081, Cognitive Robotics (2010)

Abstract
can go wrong. First and foremost, an agent might fail to execute one of the planned actions for some reasons. Even more annoying, however, is a situation where the agent is incompetent, i.e., unable to come up with a plan. This might be due to the fact that there are principal reasons that prohibit a successful plan or simply because the task’s description is incomplete or incorrect. In either case, an explanation for such a failure would be very helpful. We will address this problem and provide a formalization of coming up with excuses for not being able to find a plan. Based on that, we will present an algorithm that is able to find excuses and demonstrate that such excuses can be found in practical settings in reasonable time.
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Moritz Göbeldecker, Thomas Keller, Patrick Eyerich, Michael Brenner, and Bernhard Nebel. Coming up With Good Excuses: What to do When no Plan Can be Found. In Cognitive Robotics. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10081, pp. 1-8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2010)

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@InProceedings{gobeldecker_et_al:DagSemProc.10081.7,
  author =	{G\"{o}beldecker, Moritz and Keller, Thomas and Eyerich, Patrick and Brenner, Michael and Nebel, Bernhard},
  title =	{{Coming up With Good Excuses: What to do When no Plan Can be Found}},
  booktitle =	{Cognitive Robotics},
  pages =	{1--8},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2010},
  volume =	{10081},
  editor =	{Gerhard Lakemeyer and Hector J. Levesque and Fiora Pirri},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.10081.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-27739},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.10081.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Planning, knowledge representation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07462.9
Assistive Technology for Successful Aging: Perspectives from Developmental Behavioral and Neuroscience

Authors: Shu-Chen Li, Michael Schellenbach, and Ulman Lindenberger

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7462, Assisted Living Systems - Models, Architectures and Engineering Approaches (2008)

Abstract
Growing into old age is a personal privilege and a societal achievement. However, it is also a challenge for both the individuals and societies. The impressive gains in extending average physical longevity to 75 years and beyond is not necessary accompanied by high-levels of physical, psychological, and brain "fitness". Thus, it is important to seek ways to help older adults maintaining functions in these domains in order to maintain life quality in old age. Adaptive assistive devices and environments are promising technological advancements for promoting successful aging. Sufficient plasticity in the aging psychological and neurocognitive systems are necessary for technologies to engender desired effects. Designs and evaluations of assistive technologies need to consider dynamic changes in developmental resources across the lifespan. This paper reviews evidence of behavioral and neurocognitive plasticity in old age and highlights psychological principles for successful aging technologies.
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Shu-Chen Li, Michael Schellenbach, and Ulman Lindenberger. Assistive Technology for Successful Aging: Perspectives from Developmental Behavioral and Neuroscience. In Assisted Living Systems - Models, Architectures and Engineering Approaches. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7462, pp. 1-13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{li_et_al:DagSemProc.07462.9,
  author =	{Li, Shu-Chen and Schellenbach, Michael and Lindenberger, Ulman},
  title =	{{Assistive Technology for Successful Aging: Perspectives from Developmental Behavioral and Neuroscience}},
  booktitle =	{Assisted Living Systems - Models, Architectures and Engineering Approaches},
  pages =	{1--13},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{7462},
  editor =	{Arthur I. Karshmer and J\"{u}rgen Nehmer and Hartmut Raffler and Gerhard Tr\"{o}ster},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07462.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-14680},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07462.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Successful aging, Plasticity, Assistive technology, Resource allocation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07462.13
Integrated Human Behavior Modeling

Authors: Michael Berger, Dagmar Beyer, and Stephan Prueckner

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7462, Assisted Living Systems - Models, Architectures and Engineering Approaches (2008)

Abstract
In order to prevent emergencies or critical situations where humans are the origin, a timely provision of information thus obtained for the coordinating services and the on-site staff (e.g., emergency dispatch centers, emergency physicians, police) is necessary. The detection of critical situations and the early alarming, e.g., in case of deterioration of the person’s health status or a critical incident in a public space like a stadium, could prevent acute emergency cases and the resulting negative impact on individual persons and the environment. To analyze the current situation, the human behavior must be understood, analyzed and modeled on the basis of, e.g., monitored activities, user mobility, and selected biological parameters. Only an integrated and comprehensive human behavior model can be the basis for the prevention of emergency cases.
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Michael Berger, Dagmar Beyer, and Stephan Prueckner. Integrated Human Behavior Modeling. In Assisted Living Systems - Models, Architectures and Engineering Approaches. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7462, pp. 1-3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{berger_et_al:DagSemProc.07462.13,
  author =	{Berger, Michael and Beyer, Dagmar and Prueckner, Stephan},
  title =	{{Integrated Human Behavior Modeling}},
  booktitle =	{Assisted Living Systems - Models, Architectures and Engineering Approaches},
  pages =	{1--3},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{7462},
  editor =	{Arthur I. Karshmer and J\"{u}rgen Nehmer and Hartmut Raffler and Gerhard Tr\"{o}ster},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07462.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-14574},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07462.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Human Behavior Modeling}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07462.26
The impact of sensor-enhanced regional health information systems

Authors: Klaus-Hendrik Wolf, Michael Marschollek, Jürgen Howe, and Reinhold Haux

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7462, Assisted Living Systems - Models, Architectures and Engineering Approaches (2008)

Abstract
The expected economic impact of new health enabling technologies is often used as motivation for their development. Another motivation is the predicted positive impact on health care in general. The objective of this paper is to give a simple example for an economic calculation based on statistical data. A positive effect on health care in general can only be gained if the new technologies are sustainably integrated in health care processes.
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Klaus-Hendrik Wolf, Michael Marschollek, Jürgen Howe, and Reinhold Haux. The impact of sensor-enhanced regional health information systems. In Assisted Living Systems - Models, Architectures and Engineering Approaches. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7462, pp. 1-3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2008)

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@InProceedings{wolf_et_al:DagSemProc.07462.26,
  author =	{Wolf, Klaus-Hendrik and Marschollek, Michael and Howe, J\"{u}rgen and Haux, Reinhold},
  title =	{{The impact of sensor-enhanced regional health information systems}},
  booktitle =	{Assisted Living Systems - Models, Architectures and Engineering Approaches},
  pages =	{1--3},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2008},
  volume =	{7462},
  editor =	{Arthur I. Karshmer and J\"{u}rgen Nehmer and Hartmut Raffler and Gerhard Tr\"{o}ster},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07462.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-14535},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07462.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Ageing society, health information systems, sensors}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07261.5
Better Ways to Cut a Cake - Revisited

Authors: Steven J. Brams, Michael A. Jones, and Christian Klamler

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7261, Fair Division (2007)

Abstract
Procedures to divide a cake among n people with n-1 cuts (the minimum number) are analyzed and compared. For 2 persons, cut-and-choose, while envy-free and efficient, limits the cutter to exactly 50% if he or she is ignorant of the chooser's preferences, whereas the chooser can generally obtain more. By comparison, a new 2-person surplus procedure (SP'), which induces the players to be truthful in order to maximize their minimum allocations, leads to a proportionally equitable division of the surplus - the part that remains after each player receives 50% - by giving each person a certain proportion of the surplus as he or she values it. For n geq 3 persons, a new equitable procedure (EP) yields a maximally equitable division of a cake. This division gives all players the highest common value that they can achieve and induces truthfulness, but it may not be envy-free. The applicability of SP' and EP to the fair division of a heterogeneous, divisible good, like land, is briefly discussed.
Cite as

Steven J. Brams, Michael A. Jones, and Christian Klamler. Better Ways to Cut a Cake - Revisited. In Fair Division. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7261, pp. 1-24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{brams_et_al:DagSemProc.07261.5,
  author =	{Brams, Steven J. and Jones, Michael A. and Klamler, Christian},
  title =	{{Better Ways to Cut a Cake - Revisited}},
  booktitle =	{Fair Division},
  pages =	{1--24},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{7261},
  editor =	{Steven Brams and Kirk Pruhs and Gerhard Woeginger},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07261.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-12278},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07261.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Fair division, cake-cutting, envy-freeness, strategy-proofness}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07261.6
Divide-and-Conquer: A Proportional, Minimal-Envy Cake-Cutting Procedure

Authors: Steven J. Brams, Michael A. Jones, and Christian Klamler

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7261, Fair Division (2007)

Abstract
Properties of discrete cake-cutting procedures that use a minimal number of cuts (n-1 if there are n players) are analyzed. None is always envy-free or efficient, but divide-and-conquer (D&C) minimizes the maximum number of players that any single player may envy. It works by asking n ≥ 2 players successively to place marks on a cake that divide it into equal or approximately equal halves, then halves of these halves, and so on. Among other properties, D&C (i) ensures players of more than 1/n shares if their marks are different and (ii) is strategyproof for risk-averse players. However, D&C may not allow players to obtain proportional, connected pieces if they have unequal entitlements. Possible applications of D&C to land division are briefly discussed.
Cite as

Steven J. Brams, Michael A. Jones, and Christian Klamler. Divide-and-Conquer: A Proportional, Minimal-Envy Cake-Cutting Procedure. In Fair Division. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7261, pp. 1-31, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{brams_et_al:DagSemProc.07261.6,
  author =	{Brams, Steven J. and Jones, Michael A. and Klamler, Christian},
  title =	{{Divide-and-Conquer: A Proportional, Minimal-Envy Cake-Cutting Procedure}},
  booktitle =	{Fair Division},
  pages =	{1--31},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{7261},
  editor =	{Steven Brams and Kirk Pruhs and Gerhard Woeginger},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07261.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-12211},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07261.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Cake-cutting, proportionality, envy-freeness, efficiency, strategy-proofness}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07261.11
Some Recent Results on Pie Cutting

Authors: Michael A. Jones

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7261, Fair Division (2007)

Abstract
For cake cutting, cuts are parallel to an axis and yield rectangular pieces. As such, cutting a cake is viewed as dividing a line segment. For pie cutting, cuts are radial from the center of a disc to the circumference and yield sectors or wedge-shaped pieces. As such, cutting a pie is viewed as dividing a circle. There is clearly a relationship between cutting a cake and cutting a pie. Once a circular pie has a single cut, then it can be straightened out into a segment, looking like a cake. Isn't a cake just a pie that has been cut? Gale (1993) suggested that this topology was a significant difference. This note is to summarize and compare some of the recent results on pie cutting that appear in Barbanel and Brams (2007) and Brams, Jones, and Klamler (2007). The geometric framework presented in Barbanel and Brams (2007) is used to prove and to explain results in Brams, Jones, and Klamler (2007).
Cite as

Michael A. Jones. Some Recent Results on Pie Cutting. In Fair Division. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7261, pp. 1-10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{jones:DagSemProc.07261.11,
  author =	{Jones, Michael A.},
  title =	{{Some Recent Results on Pie Cutting}},
  booktitle =	{Fair Division},
  pages =	{1--10},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{7261},
  editor =	{Steven Brams and Kirk Pruhs and Gerhard Woeginger},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07261.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-12246},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07261.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: Pie cutting, envy-free, proportional, undominated}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.07071.8
Exploiting Community Behavior for Enhanced Link Analysis and Web Search

Authors: Julia Luxenburger and Gerhard Weikum

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7071, Web Information Retrieval and Linear Algebra Algorithms (2007)

Abstract
Methods for Web link analysis and authority ranking such as PageRank are based on the assumption that a user endorses a Web page when creating a hyperlink to this page. There is a wealth of additional user-behavior information that could be considered for improving authority analysis, for example, the history of queries that a user community posed to a search engine over an extended time period, or observations about which query-result pages were clicked on and which ones were not clicked on after a user saw the summary snippets of the top-10 results. We study enhancements of link analysis methods by incorporating additional user assessments based on query logs and click streams, including negative feedback when a query-result page does not satisfy the user demand or is even perceived as spam. Our methods use various novel forms of Markov models whose states correspond to users and queries in addition to Web pages and whose links also reflect the relationships derived from query-result clicks, query refinements, and explicit ratings.
Cite as

Julia Luxenburger and Gerhard Weikum. Exploiting Community Behavior for Enhanced Link Analysis and Web Search. In Web Information Retrieval and Linear Algebra Algorithms. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 7071, pp. 1-17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2007)

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@InProceedings{luxenburger_et_al:DagSemProc.07071.8,
  author =	{Luxenburger, Julia and Weikum, Gerhard},
  title =	{{Exploiting Community Behavior for Enhanced Link Analysis and Web Search}},
  booktitle =	{Web Information Retrieval and Linear Algebra Algorithms},
  pages =	{1--17},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2007},
  volume =	{7071},
  editor =	{Andreas Frommer and Michael W. Mahoney and Daniel B. Szyld},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07071.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-10660},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.07071.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Query logs, link analysis, Markov reward model}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.05402.1
Dagstuhl-Manifest zur Strategischen Bedeutung des Software Engineering in Deutschland

Authors: Manfred Broy, Matthias Jarke, Manfred Nagl, Hans Dieter Rombach, Armin B. Cremers, Jürgen Ebert, Sabine Glesner, Martin Glinz, Michael Goedicke, Gerhard Goos, Volker Gruhn, Wilhelm Hasselbring, Stefan Jähnichen, Stefan Kowalewski, Bernd J. Krämer, Stefan Leue, Claus Lewerentz, Peter Liggesmeyer, Christoph Lüth, Barbara Paech, Helmut A. Partsch, Ilka Philippow, Lutz Prechelt, Andreas Rausch, Willem-Paul de Roever, Bernhard Rumpe, Gudula Rünger, Wilhelm Schäfer, Kurt Schneider, Andy Schürr, Walter F. Tichy, Bernhard Westfechtel, Wolf Zimmermann, and Albert Zündorf

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5402, Perspectives Workshop (2006)

Abstract
Im Rahmen des Dagstuhl Perspektiven Workshop 05402 "Challenges for Software Engineering Research" haben führende Software Engineering Professoren den derzeitigen Stand der Softwaretechnik in Deutschland charakterisiert und Handlungsempfehlungen für Wirtschaft, Forschung und Politik abgeleitet. Das Manifest fasst die diese Empfehlungen und die Bedeutung und Entwicklung des Fachgebiets prägnant zusammen.
Cite as

Manfred Broy, Matthias Jarke, Manfred Nagl, Hans Dieter Rombach, Armin B. Cremers, Jürgen Ebert, Sabine Glesner, Martin Glinz, Michael Goedicke, Gerhard Goos, Volker Gruhn, Wilhelm Hasselbring, Stefan Jähnichen, Stefan Kowalewski, Bernd J. Krämer, Stefan Leue, Claus Lewerentz, Peter Liggesmeyer, Christoph Lüth, Barbara Paech, Helmut A. Partsch, Ilka Philippow, Lutz Prechelt, Andreas Rausch, Willem-Paul de Roever, Bernhard Rumpe, Gudula Rünger, Wilhelm Schäfer, Kurt Schneider, Andy Schürr, Walter F. Tichy, Bernhard Westfechtel, Wolf Zimmermann, and Albert Zündorf. Dagstuhl-Manifest zur Strategischen Bedeutung des Software Engineering in Deutschland. In Perspectives Workshop. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5402, pp. 1-16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{broy_et_al:DagSemProc.05402.1,
  author =	{Broy, Manfred and Jarke, Matthias and Nagl, Manfred and Rombach, Hans Dieter and Cremers, Armin B. and Ebert, J\"{u}rgen and Glesner, Sabine and Glinz, Martin and Goedicke, Michael and Goos, Gerhard and Gruhn, Volker and Hasselbring, Wilhelm and J\"{a}hnichen, Stefan and Kowalewski, Stefan and Kr\"{a}mer, Bernd J. and Leue, Stefan and Lewerentz, Claus and Liggesmeyer, Peter and L\"{u}th, Christoph and Paech, Barbara and Partsch, Helmut A. and Philippow, Ilka and Prechelt, Lutz and Rausch, Andreas and de Roever, Willem-Paul and Rumpe, Bernhard and R\"{u}nger, Gudula and Sch\"{a}fer, Wilhelm and Schneider, Kurt and Sch\"{u}rr, Andy and Tichy, Walter F. and Westfechtel, Bernhard and Zimmermann, Wolf and Z\"{u}ndorf, Albert},
  title =	{{Dagstuhl-Manifest zur Strategischen Bedeutung des Software Engineering in Deutschland}},
  booktitle =	{Perspectives Workshop},
  pages =	{1--16},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{5402},
  editor =	{Manfred Broy and Manfred Nagl and Hans Dieter Rombach and Matthias Jarke},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.05402.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-5853},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.05402.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Software Engineering, Software Technik, Strategie}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.04121.5
Evaluating Embodied Conversational Agents in Collaborative Virtual Environments

Authors: Michael Gerhard

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 4121, Evaluating Embodied Conversational Agents (2006)

Abstract
There are currently no evaluation methods specific to ECAs in CVEs and traditional evaluation methods are limited in their applicability and consequently unlikely to address the full range of aspects now inherent in such systems. We argue that a combination of controlled experimentation, quasi-experiments, review-based evaluation and heuristic expert reviews is needed. To operationalise these traditional evaluation methods the concept of presence was deployed, and it was argued that presence as a cognitive variable can be measured and that such a measure can be a key indicator of the usability of ECAs in CVEs. Presence measures can be administered within controlled experiments and quasi-experiments to test certain aspects of the system. Such experiments might turn out particularly useful as a means of selecting between two or more design options and it is argued that issues concerning ECAs in CVEs can be meaningfully evaluated by comparing subjects’ experience of presence. Further, although implementation issues were not the primary concern of this study, the strength and shortcomings of the prototype agent were evaluated as secondary variables within that experiment. A set of criteria developed for the evaluation of the strengths and shortcomings of the current prototype agent are partly based on Nielsen’s general usability guidelines and partly on a set of heuristics proposed for non-embodied conversational systems.
Cite as

Michael Gerhard. Evaluating Embodied Conversational Agents in Collaborative Virtual Environments. In Evaluating Embodied Conversational Agents. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 4121, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{gerhard:DagSemProc.04121.5,
  author =	{Gerhard, Michael},
  title =	{{Evaluating Embodied Conversational Agents in Collaborative Virtual Environments}},
  booktitle =	{Evaluating Embodied Conversational Agents},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{4121},
  editor =	{Zsofia Ruttkay and Elisabeth Andr\'{e} and W. Lewis Johnson and Catherine Pelachaud},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.04121.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-4609},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.04121.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Embodied Conversational Agents,Collaborative Virtual Environments, Presence}
}
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