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Computational Models of Language Meaning in Context (Dagstuhl Seminar 13462)

Authors: Hans Kamp, Alessandro Lenci, and James Pustejovsky

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 3, Issue 11 (2014)

Abstract

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 13462 "Computational Models of Language Meaning in Context". The seminar addresses one of the most significant issues to arise in contemporary formal and computational models of language and inference: that of the role and expressiveness of distributional models of semantics and statistically derived models of language and linguistic behavior. The availability of very large corpora has brought about a near revolution in computational linguistics and language modeling, including machine translation, information extraction, and question-answering. Several new models of language meaning are emerging that provide potential formal interpretations of linguistic patterns emerging from these distributional datasets. But whether such systems can provide avenues for formal and robust inference and reasoning is very much still uncertain. This seminar examines the relationship between classical models of language meaning and distributional models, and the role of corpora, annotations, and the distributional models derived over these data. To our knowledge, there have been no recent Dagstuhl Seminars on this or related topics.

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Hans Kamp, Alessandro Lenci, and James Pustejovsky. Computational Models of Language Meaning in Context (Dagstuhl Seminar 13462). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 3, Issue 11, pp. 79-116, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2014)

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@Article{kamp_et_al:DagRep.3.11.79,
  author =	{Kamp, Hans and Lenci, Alessandro and Pustejovsky, James},
  title =	{{Computational Models of Language Meaning in Context (Dagstuhl Seminar 13462)}},
  pages =	{79--116},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2014},
  volume =	{3},
  number =	{11},
  editor =	{Kamp, Hans and Lenci, Alessandro and Pustejovsky, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.3.11.79},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-44380},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.3.11.79},
  annote =	{Keywords: formal semantics, distributional semantics, polysemy, inference, compositionality, Natural Language Processing, meaning in context}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.1

10131 Executive Summary and Abstracts Collection – Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language: Ontologies and Logics of Space

Authors: John Bateman, Anthony G. Cohn, and James Pustejovsky

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10131, Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space (2011)

Abstract

The goal of this seminar was to bring together researchers from diverse disciplines to address the spatial semantics of natural language, the interface between spatial semantics and geospatial representations, and the role of ontologies in reasoning about spatial concepts in language and thought.

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John Bateman, Anthony G. Cohn, and James Pustejovsky. 10131 Executive Summary and Abstracts Collection – Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language: Ontologies and Logics of Space. In Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10131, pp. 1-14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2011)

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@InProceedings{bateman_et_al:DagSemProc.10131.1,
  author =	{Bateman, John and Cohn, Anthony G. and Pustejovsky, James},
  title =	{{10131 Executive Summary and Abstracts Collection – Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language: Ontologies and Logics of Space}},
  booktitle =	{Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space},
  pages =	{1--14},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2011},
  volume =	{10131},
  editor =	{John A. Bateman and Anthony G. Cohn and James Pustejovsky},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-29216},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Language of space, spatial ontologies, reasoning about space and time, mapping language to GIS}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.2

How can spatial language be learned?

Authors: Kenneth D. Forbus

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10131, Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space (2011)

Abstract

How languages are learned is one of the deepest mysteries of cognitive science. This question can be addressed from multiple perspectives. This position paper considers two of them: (1) How do people learn spatial language? (2) Given the wide range of spatial terms in language, how might we bootstrap the linguistic capabilities of intelligent systems that need spatial language to achieve wide and accurate coverage? We discuss each question in turn.

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Kenneth D. Forbus. How can spatial language be learned?. In Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10131, pp. 1-3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2011)

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@InProceedings{forbus:DagSemProc.10131.2,
  author =	{Forbus, Kenneth D.},
  title =	{{How can spatial language be learned?}},
  booktitle =	{Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space},
  pages =	{1--3},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2011},
  volume =	{10131},
  editor =	{John A. Bateman and Anthony G. Cohn and James Pustejovsky},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-27336},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Sketch understanding, analogy, spatial language, spatial reasoning}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.3

How should depiction be represented and reasoned about?

Authors: Kenneth D. Forbus

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10131, Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space (2011)

Abstract

Interpreting a scene requires understanding how its visual properties and context yield evidence about the spatial and conceptual properties of what it depicts. Depiction is intimately tied to spatial language, since describing a scene linguistically, or imagining a scene described in language, involves connecting linguistic and spatial knowledge. We focus here on scenes described via sketching.

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Kenneth D. Forbus. How should depiction be represented and reasoned about?. In Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10131, pp. 1-3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2011)

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@InProceedings{forbus:DagSemProc.10131.3,
  author =	{Forbus, Kenneth D.},
  title =	{{How should depiction be represented and reasoned about?}},
  booktitle =	{Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space},
  pages =	{1--3},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2011},
  volume =	{10131},
  editor =	{John A. Bateman and Anthony G. Cohn and James Pustejovsky},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-27318},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Sketch understanding, analogy, spatial language, spatial reasoning}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.4

Interpreting Place Descriptions for Navigation Services

Authors: Yunhui Wu and Stephan Winter

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10131, Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space (2011)

Abstract

We see a need for research bringing spatial intelligence into the fundamental mechanisms of parsing and interpreting place descriptions. An intelligent navigation service will have capabilities to imitate human route communication behavior (Winter and Wu, 2009), thus, at least the capabilities to make sense of place descriptions.

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Yunhui Wu and Stephan Winter. Interpreting Place Descriptions for Navigation Services. In Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10131, pp. 1-3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2011)

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@InProceedings{wu_et_al:DagSemProc.10131.4,
  author =	{Wu, Yunhui and Winter, Stephan},
  title =	{{Interpreting Place Descriptions for Navigation Services}},
  booktitle =	{Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space},
  pages =	{1--3},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2011},
  volume =	{10131},
  editor =	{John A. Bateman and Anthony G. Cohn and James Pustejovsky},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-27302},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Place descriptions, natural language, navigation}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.5

The Creeping Virtuality of Place

Authors: Inderjeet Mani

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10131, Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space (2011)

Abstract

Places are inherently dynamic. They also mediate between entities and events of significance to us, and space. They reflect a network of associations, involving landmarks deemed salient for various reasons. These are all properties assigned to a place by a speaker, and may or may not correspond to the properties assigned to a place by any other speaker. As a result, places have a subjective quality. These properties of dynamicity and subjectivity present interesting challenges when producing mashups that align different data sources. I propose addressing this by assuming that entities, following Hornsby & Egenhofer (2000), have histories, namely sequences of time intervals when they are predicated to exist. Places are entities with spatial properties that include topological relationships to other places, represented in terms of RCC-8 or the 9-intersection calculus, as well as distance and orientation relations. This spatio-temporal integration can avail of existing annotation schemes for space and time in natural language, but it leaves some open issues related to the representation of subjectivity.

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Inderjeet Mani. The Creeping Virtuality of Place. In Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10131, pp. 1-5, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2011)

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@InProceedings{mani:DagSemProc.10131.5,
  author =	{Mani, Inderjeet},
  title =	{{The Creeping Virtuality of Place}},
  booktitle =	{Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space},
  pages =	{1--5},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2011},
  volume =	{10131},
  editor =	{John A. Bateman and Anthony G. Cohn and James Pustejovsky},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-27326},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Place subjectivity dynamicity}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.6

Towards Linguistically-Grounded Spatial Logics

Authors: Joana Hois and Oliver Kutz

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10131, Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space (2011)

Abstract

We propose a method to analyze the amount of coverage and adequacy of spatial calculi by relating a calculus to a linguistic ontology for space by using similarities and linguistic corpus data. This allows evaluating whether and where a spatial calculus can be used for natural language interpretation. It can also lead to 'more appropriate' spatial logics for spatial language.

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Joana Hois and Oliver Kutz. Towards Linguistically-Grounded Spatial Logics. In Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 10131, pp. 1-3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2011)

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@InProceedings{hois_et_al:DagSemProc.10131.6,
  author =	{Hois, Joana and Kutz, Oliver},
  title =	{{Towards Linguistically-Grounded Spatial Logics}},
  booktitle =	{Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Language : Ontologies and Logics of Space},
  pages =	{1--3},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2011},
  volume =	{10131},
  editor =	{John A. Bateman and Anthony G. Cohn and James Pustejovsky},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-27296},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.10131.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Spatial Logics, Spatial Language}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.4

Argument Structure in TimeML

Authors: James Pustejovsky, Jessica Littman, and Roser Sauri

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events (2005)

Abstract

TimeML is a specification language for the annotation of events and temporal expressions in natural language text. In addition, the language introduces three relational tags linking temporal objects and events to one another. These links impose both aspectual and temporal ordering over time objects, as well as mark up subordination contexts introduced by modality, evidentiality, and factivity. Given the richness of this specification, the TimeML working group decided not to include the arguments of events within the language specification itself. Full reasoning and inference over natural language texts clearly requires knowledge of events along with their participants. In this paper, we define the appropriate role of argumenthood within event markup and propose that TimeML should make a basic distinction between arguments that are events and those that are entities. We first review how TimeML treats event arguments in subordinating and aspectual contexts, creating event-event relations between predicate and argument. As it turns out, these constructions cover a large number of the argument types selected for by event predicates. We suggest that TimeML be enriched slightly to include causal predicates, such as {it lead to}, since these also involve event-event relations. We propose that all other verbal arguments be ignored by the specification, and any predicate-argument binding of participants to an event should be performed by independent means. In fact, except for the event-denoting arguments handled by the extension to TimeML proposed here, almost full temporal ordering of the events in a text can be computed without argument identification.

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James Pustejovsky, Jessica Littman, and Roser Sauri. Argument Structure in TimeML. In Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, pp. 1-14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2006)

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@InProceedings{pustejovsky_et_al:DagSemProc.05151.4,
  author =	{Pustejovsky, James and Littman, Jessica and Sauri, Roser},
  title =	{{Argument Structure in TimeML}},
  booktitle =	{Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events},
  pages =	{1--14},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2006},
  volume =	{5151},
  editor =	{Graham Katz and James Pustejovsky and Frank Schilder},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-4498},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Temporal annotation, event expressions, argument structure}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.1

05151 Abstracts Collection – Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events

Authors: Graham Katz, James Pustejovsky, and Frank Schilder

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events (2005)

Abstract

From 10.04.05 to 15.04.05, the Dagstuhl Seminar 05151 ``Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events'' was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.

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Graham Katz, James Pustejovsky, and Frank Schilder. 05151 Abstracts Collection – Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. In Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, pp. 1-9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2005)

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@InProceedings{katz_et_al:DagSemProc.05151.1,
  author =	{Katz, Graham and Pustejovsky, James and Schilder, Frank},
  title =	{{05151 Abstracts Collection – Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events}},
  booktitle =	{Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events},
  pages =	{1--9},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2005},
  volume =	{5151},
  editor =	{Graham Katz and James Pustejovsky and Frank Schilder},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-3531},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Text annotation, information extraction and retrieval, summarization, question answering, temporal reasoning}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.2

05151 Summary – Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events

Authors: Graham Katz, James Pustejovsky, and Frank Schilder

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events (2005)

Abstract

The main focus of the seminar was on TimeML-based temporal annotation and reasoning. We were concerned with three main points: determining how effectively one can use the TimeML language for consistent annotation, determining how useful such annotation is for further processing, and determining what modifications should be applied to the standard to improve its usefulness in applications such as question-answering and information retrieval.

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Graham Katz, James Pustejovsky, and Frank Schilder. 05151 Summary – Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. In Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, pp. 1-9, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2005)

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@InProceedings{katz_et_al:DagSemProc.05151.2,
  author =	{Katz, Graham and Pustejovsky, James and Schilder, Frank},
  title =	{{05151 Summary – Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events}},
  booktitle =	{Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events},
  pages =	{1--9},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2005},
  volume =	{5151},
  editor =	{Graham Katz and James Pustejovsky and Frank Schilder},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-3541},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Temporal information extraction, annotation, temporal reasoning, events}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.3

Anchoring Temporal Expressions in Scheduling-related Emails

Authors: Benjamin Han, Donna Gates, and Lori Levin

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events (2005)

Abstract

In this paper we adopt a constraint-based representation of time, Time Calculus (TC), for anchoring temporal expressions in a novel genre, emails. Email is sufficiently different from the most studied genre - newswire texts, and its highly under-specified nature fits well with our representation. The evaluation of our anchoring system shows that it performs significantly better than the baseline, and the result compares favorably with some of the closest related work.

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Benjamin Han, Donna Gates, and Lori Levin. Anchoring Temporal Expressions in Scheduling-related Emails. In Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2005)

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@InProceedings{han_et_al:DagSemProc.05151.3,
  author =	{Han, Benjamin and Gates, Donna and Levin, Lori},
  title =	{{Anchoring Temporal Expressions in Scheduling-related Emails}},
  booktitle =	{Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2005},
  volume =	{5151},
  editor =	{Graham Katz and James Pustejovsky and Frank Schilder},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-3163},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Temporal information processing, computational semantics, knowledge representation, constraint solving}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.5

Chronoscopes: A theory of underspecified temporal representations

Authors: Inderjeet Mani

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events (2005)

Abstract

Representation and reasoning about time and events is a fundamental aspect of our cognitive abilities and intrinsic to our construal of the structure of our personal and historical lives and recall of past experiences. This talk describes an abstract device called a Chronoscope, that allows a temporal representation (a set of events and their temporal relations) to be viewed based on temporal abstractions. The temporal representation is augmented with abstract events called episodes that stand for discourse segments. The temporal abstractions allow one to collapse temporal relations, or view the representation at different time granularities (hour, day, month, year, etc.), with corresponding changes in event characterization and temporal relations at those granularities. A temporal representation can also be filtered to specify temporal trajectories of particular participants. Trajectories, in turn, can be intersected at various levels of granularity. Chronoscopes can be used to compare temporal representations (e.g., for aggregation, summarization, or evaluation purposes), as well as help in the visualization of temporal narratives

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Inderjeet Mani. Chronoscopes: A theory of underspecified temporal representations. In Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2005)

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@InProceedings{mani:DagSemProc.05151.5,
  author =	{Mani, Inderjeet},
  title =	{{Chronoscopes: A theory of underspecified temporal representations}},
  booktitle =	{Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2005},
  volume =	{5151},
  editor =	{Graham Katz and James Pustejovsky and Frank Schilder},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-3365},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Temporal abstraction, granularity, event structure}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.6

Computational Treatment of Temporal Notions – The CTTN-System

Authors: Hans-Jürgen Ohlbach

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events (2005)

Abstract

The CTTN-system is a computer program which provides advanced processing or temporal notions. The basic data structures of the CTTN-system are time points, crisp and fuzzy time intervals, labelled partitionings of the time line, durations, and calendar systems. The labelled partitionings are used to model periodic temporal notions, quite regular ones like years, months etc., partially regular ones like timetables, but also very irregular ones like, for example, dates of a conference series. These data structures can be used in the temporal specification language GeTS (GeoTemporal Specifications). GeTS is a functional specification and programming language with a number of built-in constructs for specifying customized temporal notions. CTTN is implemented as a Web server and as a C++ library. This paper gives a short overview over the current state of the system and its components.

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Hans-Jürgen Ohlbach. Computational Treatment of Temporal Notions – The CTTN-System. In Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, pp. 1-8, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2005)

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@InProceedings{ohlbach:DagSemProc.05151.6,
  author =	{Ohlbach, Hans-J\"{u}rgen},
  title =	{{Computational Treatment of Temporal Notions – The CTTN-System}},
  booktitle =	{Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events},
  pages =	{1--8},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2005},
  volume =	{5151},
  editor =	{Graham Katz and James Pustejovsky and Frank Schilder},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-3115},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Formalizing temporal notions}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.7

Drawing TimeML Relations with T-BOX

Authors: Marc Verhagen

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events (2005)

Abstract

T-BOX is a new way of visualizing the temporal relations in TimeML graphs. Currently, TimeML's temporal relations are usually presented as rows in a table or as directed labeled edges in a graph. I will argue that neither mode of representation scales up nicely when bigger documents are considered and that both make it harder than necessary to get a quick picture of what the temporal structure of a document is. T-BOX is an alternative way of visualizing TimeML graphs that uses left-to-right arrows, box-inclusions and stacking as three distinct ways to visualize precedence, inclusion and simultaneity.

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Marc Verhagen. Drawing TimeML Relations with T-BOX. In Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, pp. 1-15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2005)

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@InProceedings{verhagen:DagSemProc.05151.7,
  author =	{Verhagen, Marc},
  title =	{{Drawing TimeML Relations with T-BOX}},
  booktitle =	{Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events},
  pages =	{1--15},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2005},
  volume =	{5151},
  editor =	{Graham Katz and James Pustejovsky and Frank Schilder},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-3181},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Annotation, visualization, temporal annotation}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.8

From TimeML to TPL

Authors: Ian Pratt-Hartmann

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events (2005)

Abstract

This paper describes a subset of the temporal mark-up language TimeML, and explains its relation to various formalisms found in the literature on interval temporal logic. The subset of TimeML we describe can be viewed as an interval temporal logic with a tractable satisfiability problem, but very limited expressive power. Most crucially, that logic does not permit quantification over events. The contribution of this paper is to point out that, by choosing an appropriate interval temporal logic, it is possible to introduce quantification into representations of event-structure without sacrificing decidability.

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Ian Pratt-Hartmann. From TimeML to TPL. In Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 5151, pp. 1-11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2005)

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@InProceedings{pratthartmann:DagSemProc.05151.8,
  author =	{Pratt-Hartmann, Ian},
  title =	{{From TimeML to TPL}},
  booktitle =	{Annotating, Extracting and Reasoning about Time and Events},
  pages =	{1--11},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2005},
  volume =	{5151},
  editor =	{Graham Katz and James Pustejovsky and Frank Schilder},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-3128},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.05151.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Information Extraction, Interval temporal logic}
}

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