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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2018.45

On the Decision Tree Complexity of String Matching

Authors: Xiaoyu He, Neng Huang, and Xiaoming Sun

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 112, 26th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2018)

Abstract

String matching is one of the most fundamental problems in computer science. A natural problem is to determine the number of characters that need to be queried (i.e. the decision tree complexity) in a string in order to decide whether this string contains a certain pattern. Rivest showed that for every pattern p, in the worst case any deterministic algorithm needs to query at least n-|p|+1 characters, where n is the length of the string and |p| is the length of the pattern. He further conjectured that this bound is tight. By using the adversary method, Tuza disproved this conjecture and showed that more than one half of binary patterns are evasive, i.e. any algorithm needs to query all the characters (see Section 1.1 for more details). In this paper, we give a query algorithm which settles the decision tree complexity of string matching except for a negligible fraction of patterns. Our algorithm shows that Tuza's criteria of evasive patterns are almost complete. Using the algebraic approach of Rivest and Vuillemin, we also give a new sufficient condition for the evasiveness of patterns, which is beyond Tuza's criteria. In addition, our result reveals an interesting connection to Skolem's Problem in mathematics.

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Xiaoyu He, Neng Huang, and Xiaoming Sun. On the Decision Tree Complexity of String Matching. In 26th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 112, pp. 45:1-45:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{he_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2018.45,
  author =	{He, Xiaoyu and Huang, Neng and Sun, Xiaoming},
  title =	{{On the Decision Tree Complexity of String Matching}},
  booktitle =	{26th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2018)},
  pages =	{45:1--45:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-081-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{112},
  editor =	{Azar, Yossi and Bast, Hannah and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2018.45},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-95082},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2018.45},
  annote =	{Keywords: String Matching, Decision Tree Complexity, Boolean Function, Algebraic Method}
}

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On the Decision Tree Complexity of String Matching

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