37 Search Results for "Maggio, Martina"


Volume

LIPIcs, Volume 231

34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)

ECRTS 2022, July 5-8, 2022, Modena, Italy

Editors: Martina Maggio

Issue

DARTS, Volume 4, Issue 2

Special Issue of the 30th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2018)

Editors: Sebastian Altmayer and Martina Maggio

Document
Consensual Resilient Control: Stateless Recovery of Stateful Controllers

Authors: Aleksandar Matovic, Rafal Graczyk, Federico Lucchetti, and Marcus Völp

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 262, 35th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2023)


Abstract
Safety-critical systems have to absorb accidental and malicious faults to obtain high mean-times-to-failures (MTTFs). Traditionally, this is achieved through re-execution or replication. However, both techniques come with significant overheads, in particular when cold-start effects are considered. Such effects occur after replicas resume from checkpoints or from their initial state. This work aims at improving on the performance of control-task replication by leveraging an inherent stability of many plants to tolerate occasional control-task deadline misses and suggests masking faults just with a detection quorum. To make this possible, we have to eliminate cold-start effects to allow replicas to rejuvenate during each control cycle. We do so, by systematically turning stateful controllers into instants that can be recovered in a stateless manner. We highlight the mechanisms behind this transformation, how it achieves consensual resilient control, and demonstrate on the example of an inverted pendulum how accidental and maliciously-induced faults can be absorbed, even if control tasks run in less predictable environments.

Cite as

Aleksandar Matovic, Rafal Graczyk, Federico Lucchetti, and Marcus Völp. Consensual Resilient Control: Stateless Recovery of Stateful Controllers. In 35th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 262, pp. 14:1-14:27, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{matovic_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2023.14,
  author =	{Matovic, Aleksandar and Graczyk, Rafal and Lucchetti, Federico and V\"{o}lp, Marcus},
  title =	{{Consensual Resilient Control: Stateless Recovery of Stateful Controllers}},
  booktitle =	{35th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2023)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:27},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-280-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{262},
  editor =	{Papadopoulos, Alessandro V.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2023.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-180430},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2023.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: resilience, control, replication}
}
Document
Invited Talk
Control Systems in the Presence of Computational Problems (Invited Talk)

Authors: Martina Maggio

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 108, Fourth Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2023)


Abstract
Feedback control is a central enabling technology in a wide range of applications. Control systems are at the core of energy distribution infrastructure, regulate the behaviour of engines in vehicles, and are embedded in household appliances like washing machines. Control is centred around the feedback mechanism. Sensors provide information about the current state of the physical environment. This is used to compute suitable control actions to fulfil performance requirements, that are then implemented by actuators. For example, adaptive cruise control systems use measurements from a range of sensors to determine how to adjust the throttle to automatically regulate the vehicle’s speed, while maintaining a safe distance from vehicles ahead. Control actions are often calculated using hardware and software. Hence, the computation of the new control signals is subject to accidental faults, systematic issues, and software bugs. In practice, these computational problems are often ignored. But when can this be done safely? This talk will introduce a framework for analyzing the behaviour of control software subject to computational problems. The focus will be on the development of tools that can certify when control software is able to fulfil the system requirements, despite the presence of computational problems.

Cite as

Martina Maggio. Control Systems in the Presence of Computational Problems (Invited Talk). In Fourth Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2023). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 108, p. 1:1, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{maggio:OASIcs.NG-RES.2023.1,
  author =	{Maggio, Martina},
  title =	{{Control Systems in the Presence of Computational Problems}},
  booktitle =	{Fourth Workshop on Next Generation Real-Time Embedded Systems (NG-RES 2023)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:1},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-268-6},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{108},
  editor =	{Terraneo, Federico and Cattaneo, Daniele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2023.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-177320},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.NG-RES.2023.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: control systems, fault tolerance}
}
Document
Complete Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 231, ECRTS 2022, Complete Volume

Authors: Martina Maggio

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)


Abstract
LIPIcs, Volume 231, ECRTS 2022, Complete Volume

Cite as

34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 1-470, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@Proceedings{maggio:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022,
  title =	{{LIPIcs, Volume 231, ECRTS 2022, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{1--470},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163161},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022},
  annote =	{Keywords: LIPIcs, Volume 231, ECRTS 2022, Complete Volume}
}
Document
Front Matter
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

Authors: Martina Maggio

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)


Abstract
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

Cite as

34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 0:i-0:x, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{maggio:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.0,
  author =	{Maggio, Martina},
  title =	{{Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{0:i--0:x},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.0},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163176},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.0},
  annote =	{Keywords: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}
}
Document
Industrial Challenge 2022: A High-Performance Real-Time Case Study on Arm

Authors: Matteo Andreozzi, Giacomo Gabrielli, Balaji Venu, and Giacomo Travaglini

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)


Abstract
High-performance real-time systems are becoming increasingly common in several application domains, including automotive, robotics, and embedded. To meet the growing performance requirements of the emerging applications, these systems often adopt a heterogeneous System-on-Chip hardware architecture comprising multiple high-performance CPUs and one or more domain-specific accelerators. At the same time, the applications running on these systems are subject to stringent real-time and safety requirements. Due to the non-deterministic execution model of the compute elements involved and the co-location of the workloads, which leads to contention of the shared hardware resources, designing and orchestrating such applications is particularly challenging. In fact, the demand for novel methodologies, tools, and best practices to assist application designers working on high-performance real-time systems has never been stronger. To stimulate innovation in this area, this document outlines an industrial case study from the automotive domain targeting an Arm-based hardware platform. The selected application is an augmented reality head-up display, which can be considered a representative example of a high-performance real-time use case. This case study will serve as the basis for a (multi-year) challenge involving real-time and embedded systems researchers across academia and industry that will be kicked off at the 34superscript{th} Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS) 2022.

Cite as

Matteo Andreozzi, Giacomo Gabrielli, Balaji Venu, and Giacomo Travaglini. Industrial Challenge 2022: A High-Performance Real-Time Case Study on Arm. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 1:1-1:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{andreozzi_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.1,
  author =	{Andreozzi, Matteo and Gabrielli, Giacomo and Venu, Balaji and Travaglini, Giacomo},
  title =	{{Industrial Challenge 2022: A High-Performance Real-Time Case Study on Arm}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163186},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: real-time, worst-case execution time}
}
Document
RTScale: Sensitivity-Aware Adaptive Image Scaling for Real-Time Object Detection

Authors: Seonyeong Heo, Shinnung Jeong, and Hanjun Kim

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)


Abstract
Real-time object detection is crucial in autonomous driving. To avoid catastrophic accidents, an autonomous car should detect objects with multiple cameras and make decisions within a certain time limit. Object detection systems can meet the real-time constraint by dynamically downsampling input images to proper scales according to their time budget. However, simply applying the same scale to all the images from multiple cameras can cause unnecessary accuracy loss because downsampling can incur a significant accuracy loss for some images. To reduce the accuracy loss while meeting the real-time constraint, this work proposes RTScale, a new adaptive real-time image scaling scheme that applies different scales to different images reflecting their sensitivities to the scaling and time budget. RTScale infers the sensitivities of multiple images from multiple cameras and determines an appropriate image scale for each image considering the real-time constraint. This work evaluates object detection accuracy and latency with RTScale for two driving datasets. The evaluation results show that RTScale can meet real-time constraints with minimal accuracy loss.

Cite as

Seonyeong Heo, Shinnung Jeong, and Hanjun Kim. RTScale: Sensitivity-Aware Adaptive Image Scaling for Real-Time Object Detection. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 2:1-2:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{heo_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.2,
  author =	{Heo, Seonyeong and Jeong, Shinnung and Kim, Hanjun},
  title =	{{RTScale: Sensitivity-Aware Adaptive Image Scaling for Real-Time Object Detection}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163199},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-time object detection, Dynamic neural network execution, Adaptive image scaling, Autonomous driving, Self-driving cars}
}
Document
ACETONE: Predictable Programming Framework for ML Applications in Safety-Critical Systems

Authors: Iryna De Albuquerque Silva, Thomas Carle, Adrien Gauffriau, and Claire Pagetti

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)


Abstract
Machine learning applications have been gaining considerable attention in the field of safety-critical systems. Nonetheless, there is up to now no accepted development process that reaches classical safety confidence levels. This is the reason why we have developed a generic programming framework called ACETONE that is compliant with safety objectives (including traceability and WCET computation) for machine learning. More practically, the framework generates C code from a detailed description of off-line trained feed-forward deep neural networks that preserves the semantics of the original trained model and for which the WCET can be assessed with OTAWA. We have compared our results with Keras2c and uTVM with static runtime on a realistic set of benchmarks.

Cite as

Iryna De Albuquerque Silva, Thomas Carle, Adrien Gauffriau, and Claire Pagetti. ACETONE: Predictable Programming Framework for ML Applications in Safety-Critical Systems. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 3:1-3:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{dealbuquerquesilva_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.3,
  author =	{De Albuquerque Silva, Iryna and Carle, Thomas and Gauffriau, Adrien and Pagetti, Claire},
  title =	{{ACETONE: Predictable Programming Framework for ML Applications in Safety-Critical Systems}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163202},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-time safety-critical systems, Worst Case Execution Time analysis, Artificial Neural Networks implementation}
}
Document
Using Quantile Regression in Neural Networks for Contention Prediction in Multicore Processors

Authors: Axel Brando, Isabel Serra, Enrico Mezzetti, Jaume Abella, and Francisco J. Cazorla

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)


Abstract
The development of multicore-based embedded real-time systems is a complex process that encompasses several phases. During the software design and development phases (DDP), and prior to the validation phase, key decisions are taken that cover several aspects of the system under development, from hardware selection and configuration, to the identification and mapping of software functions to the processing nodes. The timing dimension steers a large fraction of those decisions as the correctness of the final system ultimately depends on the implemented functions being able to execute within the allotted time budgets. Early execution time figures already in the DDP are thus needed to prevent flawed design decisions resulting in timing misbehavior being intercepted at the timing analysis step in the advanced development phases, when rolling back to different design decisions is extremely onerous. Multicore timing interference compounds this situation as it has been shown to largely impact execution time of tasks and, therefore, must be factored in when deriving early timing bounds. To effectively prevent misconfigurations while preserving resource efficiency, early timing estimates, typically derived from previous projects or early versions of the software functions, should conservatively and tightly overestimate the timing requirements of the final system configuration including multicore contention. In this work, we show that multi-linear regression (MLR) models and neural network (NN) models can be used to predict the impact of multicore contention on tasks' execution time and hence, derive contention-aware early time budgets, as soon as a release (binary) of the application is available. However, those techniques widely used in the mainstream domain minimize the average/mean case and the predicted impact of contention frequently underestimates the impact that can potentially arise at run time. In order to cover this gap, we propose the use of quantile regression neural networks (QRNN), which are specifically designed to predict the desired high quantile. QRNN reduces the number of underestimations compared to MLR and NN models while containing the overestimation by preserving the high quality prediction. For a set of workloads composed by representative kernels running on a NXP T2080 processor, QRNN reduces the number of underestimations to 8.8% compared to 46.8% and 31.3% for MLR and NN models respectively, while keeping the average over estimation in 1%. QRNN exposes a parameter, the target quantile, that allows controlling the behavior of the predictions so it adapts to user’s needs.

Cite as

Axel Brando, Isabel Serra, Enrico Mezzetti, Jaume Abella, and Francisco J. Cazorla. Using Quantile Regression in Neural Networks for Contention Prediction in Multicore Processors. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 4:1-4:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{brando_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.4,
  author =	{Brando, Axel and Serra, Isabel and Mezzetti, Enrico and Abella, Jaume and Cazorla, Francisco J.},
  title =	{{Using Quantile Regression in Neural Networks for Contention Prediction in Multicore Processors}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163213},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Neural Networks, Quantile Prediction, Multicore Contention}
}
Document
A Formal Link Between Response Time Analysis and Network Calculus

Authors: Pierre Roux, Sophie Quinton, and Marc Boyer

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)


Abstract
Classical Response Time Analysis (RTA) and Network Calculus (NC) are two major formalisms used for the verification of real-time properties. We offer mathematical links between these two different theories. Based on these links, we then prove the equivalence of various key notions in both frameworks. This enables specialists of both formalisms to get increase confidence on their models, or even, like the authors, to discover errors in theorems by investigating apparent discrepancies between some notions expected to be equivalent. The presented mathematical results are all mechanically checked with the interactive theorem prover Coq, building on existing formalizations of RTA and NC. Establishing such a link between NC and RTA paves the way for improved real-time analyses obtained by combining both theories to enjoy their respective strengths (e.g., multicore analyses for RTA or clock drifts for NC).

Cite as

Pierre Roux, Sophie Quinton, and Marc Boyer. A Formal Link Between Response Time Analysis and Network Calculus. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 5:1-5:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{roux_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.5,
  author =	{Roux, Pierre and Quinton, Sophie and Boyer, Marc},
  title =	{{A Formal Link Between Response Time Analysis and Network Calculus}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163224},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Response Time Analysis, Network Calculus, dense time, discrete time, response time, formal proof, Coq}
}
Document
Unikernel-Based Real-Time Virtualization Under Deferrable Servers: Analysis and Realization

Authors: Kuan-Hsun Chen, Mario Günzel, Boguslaw Jablkowski, Markus Buschhoff, and Jian-Jia Chen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)


Abstract
For cyber-physical systems, real-time virtualization optimizes the hardware utilization by consolidating multiple systems into the same platform, while satisfying the timing constraints of their real-time tasks. This paper considers virtualization based on unikernels, i.e., single address space kernels usually constructed by using library operating systems. Each unikernel is a guest operating system in the virtualization and hosts a single real-time task. We consider deferrable servers in the virtualization platform to schedule the unikernel-based guest operating systems and analyze the worst-case response time of a sporadic real-time task under such a virtualization architecture. Throughout synthesized tasksets, we empirically show that our analysis outperforms the restated analysis derived from the state-of-the-art, which is based on Real-Time Calculus. Furthermore, we provide insights on implementation-specific issues and offer evidence that the proposed scheduling architecture can be effectively implemented on top of the Xen hypervisor while incurring acceptable overhead.

Cite as

Kuan-Hsun Chen, Mario Günzel, Boguslaw Jablkowski, Markus Buschhoff, and Jian-Jia Chen. Unikernel-Based Real-Time Virtualization Under Deferrable Servers: Analysis and Realization. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 6:1-6:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{chen_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.6,
  author =	{Chen, Kuan-Hsun and G\"{u}nzel, Mario and Jablkowski, Boguslaw and Buschhoff, Markus and Chen, Jian-Jia},
  title =	{{Unikernel-Based Real-Time Virtualization Under Deferrable Servers: Analysis and Realization}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163239},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: Unikernel, Virtualization, Reservation Servers, Deferrable Servers, Cyber-Physical Systems, Real-Time Systems}
}
Document
A Mathematical Comparison Between Response-Time Analysis and Real-Time Calculus for Fixed-Priority Preemptive Scheduling

Authors: Victor Pollex and Frank Slomka

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)


Abstract
Fixed-priority preemptive scheduling is a popular scheduling scheme for real-time systems. This is accompanied by a vast amount of research on how to analyse and check whether these systems satisfy their real-time requirements. Two methods that emerged from this research are the response-time analysis and the real-time calculus. These two methods have been compared empirically on the basis of several abstract systems showing that for some systems one method gives better results than the other and for other systems both methods appear to give the same results. However, empirical analyses inherently contain uncertainty. To get a definitive answer we compare both methods mathematically and we show that both methods give the same results for systems that use fixed-priority preemptive scheduling and independent tasks.

Cite as

Victor Pollex and Frank Slomka. A Mathematical Comparison Between Response-Time Analysis and Real-Time Calculus for Fixed-Priority Preemptive Scheduling. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 7:1-7:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{pollex_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.7,
  author =	{Pollex, Victor and Slomka, Frank},
  title =	{{A Mathematical Comparison Between Response-Time Analysis and Real-Time Calculus for Fixed-Priority Preemptive Scheduling}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163246},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: real-time systems, fixed-priority scheduling, response-time analysis, real-time calculus}
}
Document
General Framework for Routing, Scheduling and Formal Timing Analysis in Deterministic Time-Aware Networks

Authors: Anaïs Finzi and Ramon Serna Oliver

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)


Abstract
In deterministic time-aware networks, such as TTEthernet (TTE) and Time Sensitive Networking (TSN), time-triggered (TT) communication are often routed and scheduled without taking into account other critical traffic such as Rate-Constrained (RC) traffic. Consequently, the impact of a static transmission schedule for TT traffic can prevent RC traffic from fulfilling their timing constraints. In this paper, we present a general framework for routing, scheduling and formal timing analysis (FTA) in deterministic time-aware networks (e.g. TSN, TTE). The general framework drives an iterative execution of different modules (i.e. routing, scheduling and FTA) searching for a solution that fulfills an arbitrary number of defined constraints (e.g. maximum end-to-end RC and TT latency) and optimization goals (e.g. minimize reception jitter). The result is an iteratively improved solution including the routing configuration for TT and RC flows, the static TT schedule, a formal analysis for the RC traffic, as well as any additional outputs satisfying user constraints (e.g. maximum RC jitter). We then do a performance evaluation of the general framework, with a proposed implementation of the necessary modules for TTEthernet networks with mixed time-triggered and rate-constrained traffic. The evaluation of our studied realistic use case shows that, using the general framework, the end-to-end latency for RC traffic can be reduced up to 28.3%, and the number of flows not fulfilling their deadlines divided by up to 3 compared to existing methods.

Cite as

Anaïs Finzi and Ramon Serna Oliver. General Framework for Routing, Scheduling and Formal Timing Analysis in Deterministic Time-Aware Networks. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 8:1-8:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{finzi_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.8,
  author =	{Finzi, Ana\"{i}s and Serna Oliver, Ramon},
  title =	{{General Framework for Routing, Scheduling and Formal Timing Analysis in Deterministic Time-Aware Networks}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163254},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: TSN, TTEthernet, AFDX, AVB, Modeling, Routing, Scheduling, Formal timing analysis, Worst-case analysis, Performance evaluation}
}
Document
Correctness and Efficiency Criteria for the Multi-Phase Task Model

Authors: Rémi Meunier, Thomas Carle, and Thierry Monteil

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)


Abstract
This paper investigates how the multi-phase representation of real-time tasks impacts their implementation and the precision of the interference analysis in a multi-core context. In classical scheduling and interference analyses, tasks are represented as a single phase with a duration equal to their Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) in isolation, annotated with their worst-case number of accesses. We propose a general formal definition of a task model in which tasks are represented as a sequence of such phases: the multi-phase model. We then provide a set of general correction criteria for the implementation of tasks represented in the multi-phase model, which is agnostic of the analysis method applied on the tasks. We also use the multi-phase model on an avionics case-study and study its impact on the interference analysis. Finally, we define a set of efficiency criteria using a statistical study of the most efficient multi-phase shapes.

Cite as

Rémi Meunier, Thomas Carle, and Thierry Monteil. Correctness and Efficiency Criteria for the Multi-Phase Task Model. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 9:1-9:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{meunier_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.9,
  author =	{Meunier, R\'{e}mi and Carle, Thomas and Monteil, Thierry},
  title =	{{Correctness and Efficiency Criteria for the Multi-Phase Task Model}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163267},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Task model, Interference, Multicore architectures}
}
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