68 Search Results for "O'Donnell, Ryan"


Volume

LIPIcs, Volume 79

32nd Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2017)

CCC 2017, July 6-9, 2017, Riga, Latvia

Editors: Ryan O'Donnell

Document
Lower Bounds for Set-Blocked Clauses Proofs

Authors: Emre Yolcu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 289, 41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024)


Abstract
We study propositional proof systems with inference rules that formalize restricted versions of the ability to make assumptions that hold without loss of generality, commonly used informally to shorten proofs. Each system we study is built on resolution. They are called BC⁻, RAT⁻, SBC⁻, and GER⁻, denoting respectively blocked clauses, resolution asymmetric tautologies, set-blocked clauses, and generalized extended resolution - all "without new variables." They may be viewed as weak versions of extended resolution (ER) since they are defined by first generalizing the extension rule and then taking away the ability to introduce new variables. Except for SBC⁻, they are known to be strictly between resolution and extended resolution. Several separations between these systems were proved earlier by exploiting the fact that they effectively simulate ER. We answer the questions left open: We prove exponential lower bounds for SBC⁻ proofs of a binary encoding of the pigeonhole principle, which separates ER from SBC⁻. Using this new separation, we prove that both RAT⁻ and GER⁻ are exponentially separated from SBC⁻. This completes the picture of their relative strengths.

Cite as

Emre Yolcu. Lower Bounds for Set-Blocked Clauses Proofs. In 41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 289, pp. 59:1-59:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{yolcu:LIPIcs.STACS.2024.59,
  author =	{Yolcu, Emre},
  title =	{{Lower Bounds for Set-Blocked Clauses Proofs}},
  booktitle =	{41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024)},
  pages =	{59:1--59:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-311-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{289},
  editor =	{Beyersdorff, Olaf and Kant\'{e}, Mamadou Moustapha and Kupferman, Orna and Lokshtanov, Daniel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.59},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-197698},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.59},
  annote =	{Keywords: proof complexity, separations, resolution, extended resolution, blocked clauses}
}
Document
Loss Minimization Yields Multicalibration for Large Neural Networks

Authors: Jarosław Błasiok, Parikshit Gopalan, Lunjia Hu, Adam Tauman Kalai, and Preetum Nakkiran

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 287, 15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024)


Abstract
Multicalibration is a notion of fairness for predictors that requires them to provide calibrated predictions across a large set of protected groups. Multicalibration is known to be a distinct goal than loss minimization, even for simple predictors such as linear functions. In this work, we consider the setting where the protected groups can be represented by neural networks of size k, and the predictors are neural networks of size n > k. We show that minimizing the squared loss over all neural nets of size n implies multicalibration for all but a bounded number of unlucky values of n. We also give evidence that our bound on the number of unlucky values is tight, given our proof technique. Previously, results of the flavor that loss minimization yields multicalibration were known only for predictors that were near the ground truth, hence were rather limited in applicability. Unlike these, our results rely on the expressivity of neural nets and utilize the representation of the predictor.

Cite as

Jarosław Błasiok, Parikshit Gopalan, Lunjia Hu, Adam Tauman Kalai, and Preetum Nakkiran. Loss Minimization Yields Multicalibration for Large Neural Networks. In 15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 287, pp. 17:1-17:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{blasiok_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.17,
  author =	{B{\l}asiok, Jaros{\l}aw and Gopalan, Parikshit and Hu, Lunjia and Kalai, Adam Tauman and Nakkiran, Preetum},
  title =	{{Loss Minimization Yields Multicalibration for Large Neural Networks}},
  booktitle =	{15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-309-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{287},
  editor =	{Guruswami, Venkatesan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-195452},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: Multi-group fairness, loss minimization, neural networks}
}
Document
On Generalized Corners and Matrix Multiplication

Authors: Kevin Pratt

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 287, 15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024)


Abstract
Suppose that S ⊆ [n]² contains no three points of the form (x,y), (x,y+δ), (x+δ,y'), where δ ≠ 0. How big can S be? Trivially, n ≤ |S| ≤ n². Slight improvements on these bounds are obtained from Shkredov’s upper bound for the corners problem [Shkredov, 2006], which shows that |S| ≤ O(n²/(log log n)^c) for some small c > 0, and a construction due to Petrov [Fedor Petrov, 2023], which shows that |S| ≥ Ω(n log n/√{log log n}). Could it be that for all ε > 0, |S| ≤ O(n^{1+ε})? We show that if so, this would rule out obtaining ω = 2 using a large family of abelian groups in the group-theoretic framework of [Cohn and Umans, 2003; Cohn et al., 2005] (which is known to capture the best bounds on ω to date), for which no barriers are currently known. Furthermore, an upper bound of O(n^{4/3 - ε}) for any fixed ε > 0 would rule out a conjectured approach to obtain ω = 2 of [Cohn et al., 2005]. Along the way, we encounter several problems that have much stronger constraints and that would already have these implications.

Cite as

Kevin Pratt. On Generalized Corners and Matrix Multiplication. In 15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 287, pp. 89:1-89:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{pratt:LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.89,
  author =	{Pratt, Kevin},
  title =	{{On Generalized Corners and Matrix Multiplication}},
  booktitle =	{15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024)},
  pages =	{89:1--89:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-309-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{287},
  editor =	{Guruswami, Venkatesan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.89},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-196174},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.89},
  annote =	{Keywords: Algebraic computation, fast matrix multiplication, additive combinatorics}
}
Document
An Improved Trickle down Theorem for Partite Complexes

Authors: Dorna Abdolazimi and Shayan Oveis Gharan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 264, 38th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2023)


Abstract
We prove a strengthening of the trickle down theorem for partite complexes. Given a (d+1)-partite d-dimensional simplicial complex, we show that if "on average" the links of faces of co-dimension 2 are (1-δ)/d-(one-sided) spectral expanders, then the link of any face of co-dimension k is an O((1-δ)/(kδ))-(one-sided) spectral expander, for all 3 ≤ k ≤ d+1. For an application, using our theorem as a black-box, we show that links of faces of co-dimension k in recent constructions of bounded degree high dimensional expanders have spectral expansion at most O(1/k) fraction of the spectral expansion of the links of the worst faces of co-dimension 2.

Cite as

Dorna Abdolazimi and Shayan Oveis Gharan. An Improved Trickle down Theorem for Partite Complexes. In 38th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 264, pp. 10:1-10:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{abdolazimi_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2023.10,
  author =	{Abdolazimi, Dorna and Oveis Gharan, Shayan},
  title =	{{An Improved Trickle down Theorem for Partite Complexes}},
  booktitle =	{38th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2023)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-282-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{264},
  editor =	{Ta-Shma, Amnon},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2023.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-182807},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2023.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Simplicial complexes, High dimensional expanders, Trickle down theorem, Bounded degree high dimensional expanders, Locally testable codes, Random walks}
}
Document
𝓁_p-Spread and Restricted Isometry Properties of Sparse Random Matrices

Authors: Venkatesan Guruswami, Peter Manohar, and Jonathan Mosheiff

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 234, 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022)


Abstract
Random subspaces X of ℝⁿ of dimension proportional to n are, with high probability, well-spread with respect to the 𝓁₂-norm. Namely, every nonzero x ∈ X is "robustly non-sparse" in the following sense: x is ε ‖x‖₂-far in 𝓁₂-distance from all δ n-sparse vectors, for positive constants ε, δ bounded away from 0. This "𝓁₂-spread" property is the natural counterpart, for subspaces over the reals, of the minimum distance of linear codes over finite fields, and corresponds to X being a Euclidean section of the 𝓁₁ unit ball. Explicit 𝓁₂-spread subspaces of dimension Ω(n), however, are unknown, and the best known explicit constructions (which achieve weaker spread properties), are analogs of low density parity check (LDPC) codes over the reals, i.e., they are kernels of certain sparse matrices. Motivated by this, we study the spread properties of the kernels of sparse random matrices. We prove that with high probability such subspaces contain vectors x that are o(1)⋅‖x‖₂-close to o(n)-sparse with respect to the 𝓁₂-norm, and in particular are not 𝓁₂-spread. This is strikingly different from the case of random LDPC codes, whose distance is asymptotically almost as good as that of (dense) random linear codes. On the other hand, for p < 2 we prove that such subspaces are 𝓁_p-spread with high probability. The spread property of sparse random matrices thus exhibits a threshold behavior at p = 2. Our proof for p < 2 moreover shows that a random sparse matrix has the stronger restricted isometry property (RIP) with respect to the 𝓁_p norm, and in fact this follows solely from the unique expansion of a random biregular graph, yielding a somewhat unexpected generalization of a similar result for the 𝓁₁ norm [Berinde et al., 2008]. Instantiating this with suitable explicit expanders, we obtain the first explicit constructions of 𝓁_p-RIP matrices for 1 ≤ p < p₀, where 1 < p₀ < 2 is an absolute constant.

Cite as

Venkatesan Guruswami, Peter Manohar, and Jonathan Mosheiff. 𝓁_p-Spread and Restricted Isometry Properties of Sparse Random Matrices. In 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 234, pp. 7:1-7:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{guruswami_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2022.7,
  author =	{Guruswami, Venkatesan and Manohar, Peter and Mosheiff, Jonathan},
  title =	{{𝓁\underlinep-Spread and Restricted Isometry Properties of Sparse Random Matrices}},
  booktitle =	{37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-241-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{234},
  editor =	{Lovett, Shachar},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-165695},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Spread Subspaces, Euclidean Sections, Restricted Isometry Property, Sparse Matrices}
}
Document
High-Dimensional Expanders from Chevalley Groups

Authors: Ryan O'Donnell and Kevin Pratt

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 234, 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022)


Abstract
Let Φ be an irreducible root system (other than G₂) of rank at least 2, let 𝔽 be a finite field with p = char 𝔽 > 3, and let G(Φ,𝔽) be the corresponding Chevalley group. We describe a strongly explicit high-dimensional expander (HDX) family of dimension rank(Φ), where G(Φ,𝔽) acts simply transitively on the top-dimensional faces; these are λ-spectral HDXs with λ → 0 as p → ∞. This generalizes a construction of Kaufman and Oppenheim (STOC 2018), which corresponds to the case Φ = A_d. Our work gives three new families of spectral HDXs of any dimension ≥ 2, and four exceptional constructions of dimension 4, 6, 7, and 8.

Cite as

Ryan O'Donnell and Kevin Pratt. High-Dimensional Expanders from Chevalley Groups. In 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 234, pp. 18:1-18:26, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{odonnell_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2022.18,
  author =	{O'Donnell, Ryan and Pratt, Kevin},
  title =	{{High-Dimensional Expanders from Chevalley Groups}},
  booktitle =	{37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022)},
  pages =	{18:1--18:26},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-241-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{234},
  editor =	{Lovett, Shachar},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-165802},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: High-dimensional expanders, simplicial complexes, group theory}
}
Document
Random Restrictions and PRGs for PTFs in Gaussian Space

Authors: Zander Kelley and Raghu Meka

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 234, 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022)


Abstract
A polynomial threshold function (PTF) f: ℝⁿ → ℝ is a function of the form f(x) = sign(p(x)) where p is a polynomial of degree at most d. PTFs are a classical and well-studied complexity class with applications across complexity theory, learning theory, approximation theory, quantum complexity and more. We address the question of designing pseudorandom generators (PRGs) for polynomial threshold functions (PTFs) in the gaussian space: design a PRG that takes a seed of few bits of randomness and outputs a n-dimensional vector whose distribution is indistinguishable from a standard multivariate gaussian by a degree d PTF. Our main result is a PRG that takes a seed of d^O(1) log(n/ε) log(1/ε)/ε² random bits with output that cannot be distinguished from an n-dimensional gaussian distribution with advantage better than ε by degree d PTFs. The best previous generator due to O'Donnell, Servedio, and Tan (STOC'20) had a quasi-polynomial dependence (i.e., seed length of d^O(log d)) in the degree d. Along the way we prove a few nearly-tight structural properties of restrictions of PTFs that may be of independent interest. Similar results were obtained in [Ryan O'Donnell et al., 2021] (independently and concurrently).

Cite as

Zander Kelley and Raghu Meka. Random Restrictions and PRGs for PTFs in Gaussian Space. In 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 234, pp. 21:1-21:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{kelley_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2022.21,
  author =	{Kelley, Zander and Meka, Raghu},
  title =	{{Random Restrictions and PRGs for PTFs in Gaussian Space}},
  booktitle =	{37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022)},
  pages =	{21:1--21:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-241-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{234},
  editor =	{Lovett, Shachar},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.21},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-165836},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.21},
  annote =	{Keywords: polynomial threshold function, pseudorandom generator, multivariate gaussian}
}
Document
Influence in Completely Bounded Block-Multilinear Forms and Classical Simulation of Quantum Algorithms

Authors: Nikhil Bansal, Makrand Sinha, and Ronald de Wolf

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 234, 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022)


Abstract
The Aaronson-Ambainis conjecture (Theory of Computing '14) says that every low-degree bounded polynomial on the Boolean hypercube has an influential variable. This conjecture, if true, would imply that the acceptance probability of every d-query quantum algorithm can be well-approximated almost everywhere (i.e., on almost all inputs) by a poly(d)-query classical algorithm. We prove a special case of the conjecture: in every completely bounded degree-d block-multilinear form with constant variance, there always exists a variable with influence at least 1/poly(d). In a certain sense, such polynomials characterize the acceptance probability of quantum query algorithms, as shown by Arunachalam, Briët and Palazuelos (SICOMP '19). As a corollary we obtain efficient classical almost-everywhere simulation for a particular class of quantum algorithms that includes for instance k-fold Forrelation. Our main technical result relies on connections to free probability theory.

Cite as

Nikhil Bansal, Makrand Sinha, and Ronald de Wolf. Influence in Completely Bounded Block-Multilinear Forms and Classical Simulation of Quantum Algorithms. In 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 234, pp. 28:1-28:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{bansal_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2022.28,
  author =	{Bansal, Nikhil and Sinha, Makrand and de Wolf, Ronald},
  title =	{{Influence in Completely Bounded Block-Multilinear Forms and Classical Simulation of Quantum Algorithms}},
  booktitle =	{37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022)},
  pages =	{28:1--28:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-241-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{234},
  editor =	{Lovett, Shachar},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-165908},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: Aaronson-Ambainis conjecture, Quantum query complexity, Classical query complexity, Free probability, Completely bounded norm, Analysis of Boolean functions, Influence}
}
Document
Averaged Circuit Eigenvalue Sampling

Authors: Steven T. Flammia

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 232, 17th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2022)


Abstract
We introduce ACES, a method for scalable noise metrology of quantum circuits that stands for Averaged Circuit Eigenvalue Sampling. It simultaneously estimates the individual error rates of all the gates in collections of quantum circuits, and can even account for space and time correlations between these gates. ACES strictly generalizes randomized benchmarking (RB), interleaved RB, simultaneous RB, and several other related techniques. However, ACES provides much more information and provably works under strictly weaker assumptions than these techniques. Finally, ACES is extremely scalable: we demonstrate with numerical simulations that it simultaneously and precisely estimates all the Pauli error rates on every gate and measurement in a 100 qubit quantum device using fewer than 20 relatively shallow Clifford circuits and an experimentally feasible number of samples. By learning the detailed gate errors for large quantum devices, ACES opens new possibilities for error mitigation, bespoke quantum error correcting codes and decoders, customized compilers, and more.

Cite as

Steven T. Flammia. Averaged Circuit Eigenvalue Sampling. In 17th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 232, pp. 4:1-4:10, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{flammia:LIPIcs.TQC.2022.4,
  author =	{Flammia, Steven T.},
  title =	{{Averaged Circuit Eigenvalue Sampling}},
  booktitle =	{17th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2022)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:10},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-237-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{232},
  editor =	{Le Gall, Fran\c{c}ois and Morimae, Tomoyuki},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2022.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-165114},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2022.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Quantum noise estimation, quantum benchmarking, QCVV}
}
Document
Memory Compression with Quantum Random-Access Gates

Authors: Harry Buhrman, Bruno Loff, Subhasree Patro, and Florian Speelman

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 232, 17th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2022)


Abstract
In the classical RAM, we have the following useful property. If we have an algorithm that uses M memory cells throughout its execution, and in addition is sparse, in the sense that, at any point in time, only m out of M cells will be non-zero, then we may "compress" it into another algorithm which uses only m log M memory and runs in almost the same time. We may do so by simulating the memory using either a hash table, or a self-balancing tree. We show an analogous result for quantum algorithms equipped with quantum random-access gates. If we have a quantum algorithm that runs in time T and uses M qubits, such that the state of the memory, at any time step, is supported on computational-basis vectors of Hamming weight at most m, then it can be simulated by another algorithm which uses only O(m log M) memory, and runs in time Õ(T). We show how this theorem can be used, in a black-box way, to simplify the presentation in several papers. Broadly speaking, when there exists a need for a space-efficient history-independent quantum data-structure, it is often possible to construct a space-inefficient, yet sparse, quantum data structure, and then appeal to our main theorem. This results in simpler and shorter arguments.

Cite as

Harry Buhrman, Bruno Loff, Subhasree Patro, and Florian Speelman. Memory Compression with Quantum Random-Access Gates. In 17th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 232, pp. 10:1-10:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{buhrman_et_al:LIPIcs.TQC.2022.10,
  author =	{Buhrman, Harry and Loff, Bruno and Patro, Subhasree and Speelman, Florian},
  title =	{{Memory Compression with Quantum Random-Access Gates}},
  booktitle =	{17th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2022)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-237-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{232},
  editor =	{Le Gall, Fran\c{c}ois and Morimae, Tomoyuki},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2022.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-165177},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2022.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: complexity theory, data structures, algorithms, quantum walk}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
The SDP Value of Random 2CSPs

Authors: Amulya Musipatla, Ryan O'Donnell, Tselil Schramm, and Xinyu Wu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 229, 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)


Abstract
We consider a very wide class of models for sparse random Boolean 2CSPs; equivalently, degree-2 optimization problems over {±1}ⁿ. For each model ℳ, we identify the "high-probability value" s^*_ℳ of the natural SDP relaxation (equivalently, the quantum value). That is, for all ε > 0 we show that the SDP optimum of a random n-variable instance is (when normalized by n) in the range (s^*_ℳ-ε, s^*_ℳ+ε) with high probability. Our class of models includes non-regular CSPs, and ones where the SDP relaxation value is strictly smaller than the spectral relaxation value.

Cite as

Amulya Musipatla, Ryan O'Donnell, Tselil Schramm, and Xinyu Wu. The SDP Value of Random 2CSPs. In 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 229, pp. 97:1-97:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{musipatla_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.97,
  author =	{Musipatla, Amulya and O'Donnell, Ryan and Schramm, Tselil and Wu, Xinyu},
  title =	{{The SDP Value of Random 2CSPs}},
  booktitle =	{49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)},
  pages =	{97:1--97:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-235-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{229},
  editor =	{Boja\'{n}czyk, Miko{\l}aj and Merelli, Emanuela and Woodruff, David P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.97},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-164381},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.97},
  annote =	{Keywords: Random constraint satisfaction problems}
}
Document
Analyzing XOR-Forrelation Through Stochastic Calculus

Authors: Xinyu Wu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 219, 39th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2022)


Abstract
In this note we present a simplified analysis of the quantum and classical complexity of the k-XOR Forrelation problem (introduced in the paper of Girish, Raz and Zhan [Uma Girish et al., 2020]) by a stochastic interpretation of the Forrelation distribution.

Cite as

Xinyu Wu. Analyzing XOR-Forrelation Through Stochastic Calculus. In 39th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 219, pp. 60:1-60:7, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{wu:LIPIcs.STACS.2022.60,
  author =	{Wu, Xinyu},
  title =	{{Analyzing XOR-Forrelation Through Stochastic Calculus}},
  booktitle =	{39th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2022)},
  pages =	{60:1--60:7},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-222-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{219},
  editor =	{Berenbrink, Petra and Monmege, Benjamin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2022.60},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-158705},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2022.60},
  annote =	{Keywords: quantum complexity, Brownian motion}
}
Document
Explicit Abelian Lifts and Quantum LDPC Codes

Authors: Fernando Granha Jeronimo, Tushant Mittal, Ryan O'Donnell, Pedro Paredes, and Madhur Tulsiani

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 215, 13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)


Abstract
For an abelian group H acting on the set [𝓁], an (H,𝓁)-lift of a graph G₀ is a graph obtained by replacing each vertex by 𝓁 copies, and each edge by a matching corresponding to the action of an element of H. Expanding graphs obtained via abelian lifts, form a key ingredient in the recent breakthrough constructions of quantum LDPC codes, (implicitly) in the fiber bundle codes by Hastings, Haah and O'Donnell [STOC 2021] achieving distance Ω̃(N^{3/5}), and in those by Panteleev and Kalachev [IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 2021] of distance Ω(N/log(N)). However, both these constructions are non-explicit. In particular, the latter relies on a randomized construction of expander graphs via abelian lifts by Agarwal et al. [SIAM J. Discrete Math 2019]. In this work, we show the following explicit constructions of expanders obtained via abelian lifts. For every (transitive) abelian group H ⩽ Sym(𝓁), constant degree d ≥ 3 and ε > 0, we construct explicit d-regular expander graphs G obtained from an (H,𝓁)-lift of a (suitable) base n-vertex expander G₀ with the following parameters: ii) λ(G) ≤ 2√{d-1} + ε, for any lift size 𝓁 ≤ 2^{n^{δ}} where δ = δ(d,ε), iii) λ(G) ≤ ε ⋅ d, for any lift size 𝓁 ≤ 2^{n^{δ₀}} for a fixed δ₀ > 0, when d ≥ d₀(ε), or iv) λ(G) ≤ Õ(√d), for lift size "exactly" 𝓁 = 2^{Θ(n)}. As corollaries, we obtain explicit quantum lifted product codes of Panteleev and Kalachev of almost linear distance (and also in a wide range of parameters) and explicit classical quasi-cyclic LDPC codes with wide range of circulant sizes. Items (i) and (ii) above are obtained by extending the techniques of Mohanty, O'Donnell and Paredes [STOC 2020] for 2-lifts to much larger abelian lift sizes (as a byproduct simplifying their construction). This is done by providing a new encoding of special walks arising in the trace power method, carefully "compressing" depth-first search traversals. Result (iii) is via a simpler proof of Agarwal et al. [SIAM J. Discrete Math 2019] at the expense of polylog factors in the expansion.

Cite as

Fernando Granha Jeronimo, Tushant Mittal, Ryan O'Donnell, Pedro Paredes, and Madhur Tulsiani. Explicit Abelian Lifts and Quantum LDPC Codes. In 13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 215, pp. 88:1-88:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{jeronimo_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.88,
  author =	{Jeronimo, Fernando Granha and Mittal, Tushant and O'Donnell, Ryan and Paredes, Pedro and Tulsiani, Madhur},
  title =	{{Explicit Abelian Lifts and Quantum LDPC Codes}},
  booktitle =	{13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)},
  pages =	{88:1--88:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-217-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{215},
  editor =	{Braverman, Mark},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.88},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-156846},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.88},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph lifts, expander graphs, quasi-cyclic LDPC codes, quantum LDPC codes}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
Parameterized Applications of Symbolic Differentiation of (Totally) Multilinear Polynomials

Authors: Cornelius Brand and Kevin Pratt

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 198, 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)


Abstract
We study the following problem and its applications: given a homogeneous degree-d polynomial g as an arithmetic circuit C, and a d × d matrix X whose entries are homogeneous linear polynomials, compute g(∂/∂ x₁, …, ∂/∂ x_n) det X. We show that this quantity can be computed using 2^{ω d}|C|poly(n,d) arithmetic operations, where ω is the exponent of matrix multiplication. In the case that C is skew, we improve this to 4^d|C| poly(n,d) operations, and if furthermore X is a Hankel matrix, to φ^{2d}|C| poly(n,d) operations, where φ = (1+√5)/2 is the golden ratio. Using these observations we give faster parameterized algorithms for the matroid k-parity and k-matroid intersection problems for linear matroids, and faster deterministic algorithms for several problems, including the first deterministic polynomial time algorithm for testing if a linear space of matrices of logarithmic dimension contains an invertible matrix. We also match the runtime of the fastest deterministic algorithm for detecting subgraphs of bounded pathwidth with a new and simple approach. Our approach generalizes several previous methods in parameterized algorithms and can be seen as a relaxation of Waring rank based methods [Pratt, FOCS19].

Cite as

Cornelius Brand and Kevin Pratt. Parameterized Applications of Symbolic Differentiation of (Totally) Multilinear Polynomials. In 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 198, pp. 38:1-38:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)


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@InProceedings{brand_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.38,
  author =	{Brand, Cornelius and Pratt, Kevin},
  title =	{{Parameterized Applications of Symbolic Differentiation of (Totally) Multilinear Polynomials}},
  booktitle =	{48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)},
  pages =	{38:1--38:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-195-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{198},
  editor =	{Bansal, Nikhil and Merelli, Emanuela and Worrell, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.38},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-141079},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.38},
  annote =	{Keywords: Parameterized Algorithms, Algebraic Algorithms, Longest Cycle, Matroid Parity}
}
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