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Embeddings of Schatten Norms with Applications to Data Streams

Authors Yi Li, David P. Woodruff



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Yi Li
David P. Woodruff

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Yi Li and David P. Woodruff. Embeddings of Schatten Norms with Applications to Data Streams. In 44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 80, pp. 60:1-60:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.60

Abstract

Given an n×d matrix A, its Schatten-p norm, p >= 1, is defined as |A|_p = (sum_{i=1}^rank(A) sigma(i)^p)^{1/p} where sigma_i(A) is the i-th largest singular value of A. These norms have been studied in functional analysis in the context of non-commutative L_p-spaces, and recently in data stream and linear sketching models of computation. Basic questions on the relations between these norms, such as their embeddability, are still open. Specifically, given a set of matrices A_1, ... , A_poly(nd) in R^{n x d}, suppose we want to construct a linear map L such that L(A_i) in R^{n' x d'} for each i, where n' < n and d' < d, and further, |A_i|p <= |L(A_i)|_q <= D_{p,q}|A_i|_p for a given approximation factor D_{p,q} and real number q >= 1. Then how large do n' and d' need to be as a function of D_{p,q}? We nearly resolve this question for every p, q >= 1, for the case where L(A_i) can be expressed as R*A_i*S, where R and S are arbitrary matrices that are allowed to depend on A_1, ... ,A_t, that is, L(A_i) can be implemented by left and right matrix multiplication. Namely, for every p, q >= 1, we provide nearly matching upper and lower bounds on the size of n' and d' as a function of D_{p,q}. Importantly, our upper bounds are oblivious, meaning that R and S do not depend on the A_i, while our lower bounds hold even if R and S depend on the A_i. As an application of our upper bounds, we answer a recent open question of Blasiok et al. about space-approximation trade-offs for the Schatten 1-norm, showing in a data stream it is possible to estimate the Schatten-1 norm up to a factor of D >= 1 using O~(min(n, d)^2/D^4) space.
Keywords
  • data stream algorithms
  • embeddings
  • matrix norms
  • sketching

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