14 Search Results for "Meir, Or"


Document
Property Testing with Online Adversaries

Authors: Omri Ben-Eliezer, Esty Kelman, Uri Meir, and Sofya Raskhodnikova

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 287, 15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024)


Abstract
The online manipulation-resilient testing model, proposed by Kalemaj, Raskhodnikova and Varma (ITCS 2022 and Theory of Computing 2023), studies property testing in situations where access to the input degrades continuously and adversarially. Specifically, after each query made by the tester is answered, the adversary can intervene and either erase or corrupt t data points. In this work, we investigate a more nuanced version of the online model in order to overcome old and new impossibility results for the original model. We start by presenting an optimal tester for linearity and a lower bound for low-degree testing of Boolean functions in the original model. We overcome the lower bound by allowing batch queries, where the tester gets a group of queries answered between manipulations of the data. Our batch size is small enough so that function values for a single batch on their own give no information about whether the function is of low degree. Finally, to overcome the impossibility results of Kalemaj et al. for sortedness and the Lipschitz property of sequences, we extend the model to include t < 1, i.e., adversaries that make less than one erasure per query. For sortedness, we characterize the rate of erasures for which online testing can be performed, exhibiting a sharp transition from optimal query complexity to impossibility of testability (with any number of queries). Our online tester works for a general class of local properties of sequences. One feature of our results is that we get new (and in some cases, simpler) optimal algorithms for several properties in the standard property testing model.

Cite as

Omri Ben-Eliezer, Esty Kelman, Uri Meir, and Sofya Raskhodnikova. Property Testing with Online Adversaries. In 15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 287, pp. 11:1-11:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)


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@InProceedings{beneliezer_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.11,
  author =	{Ben-Eliezer, Omri and Kelman, Esty and Meir, Uri and Raskhodnikova, Sofya},
  title =	{{Property Testing with Online Adversaries}},
  booktitle =	{15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-309-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{287},
  editor =	{Guruswami, Venkatesan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-195395},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: Linearity testing, low-degree testing, Reed-Muller codes, testing properties of sequences, erasure-resilience, corruption-resilience}
}
Document
Resilience of 3-Majority Dynamics to Non-Uniform Schedulers

Authors: Uri Meir, Rotem Oshman, Ofer Shayevitz, and Yuval Volkov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 251, 14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023)


Abstract
In recent years there has been great interest in networks of passive, computationally-weak nodes, whose interactions are controlled by the outside environment; examples include population protocols, chemical reactions networks (CRNs), DNA computing, and more. Such networks are usually studied under one of two extreme regimes: the schedule of interactions is either assumed to be adversarial, or it is assumed to be chosen uniformly at random. In this paper we study an intermediate regime, where the interaction at each step is chosen from some not-necessarily-uniform distribution: we introduce the definition of a (p,ε)-scheduler, where the distribution that the scheduler chooses at every round can be arbitrary, but it must have 𝓁_p-distance at most ε from the uniform distribution. We ask how far from uniform we can get before the dynamics of the model break down. For simplicity, we focus on the 3-majority dynamics, a type of chemical reaction network where the nodes of the network interact in triplets. Each node initially has an opinion of either 𝖷 or 𝖸, and when a triplet of nodes interact, all three nodes change their opinion to the majority of their three opinions. It is known that under a uniformly random scheduler, if we have an initial gap of Ω(√{n log n}) in favor of one value, then w.h.p. all nodes converge to the majority value within O(n log n) steps. For the 3-majority dynamics, we prove that among all non-uniform schedulers with a given 𝓁_1- or 𝓁_∞-distance to the uniform scheduler, the worst case is a scheduler that creates a partition in the network, disconnecting some nodes from the rest: under any (p,ε)-close scheduler, if the scheduler’s distance from uniform only suffices to disconnect a set of size at most S nodes and we start from a configuration with a gap of Ω(S+√{n log n}) in favor of one value, then we are guaranteed that all but O(S) nodes will convert to the majority value. We also show that creating a partition is not necessary to cause the system to converge to the wrong value, or to fail to converge at all. We believe that our work can serve as a first step towards understanding the resilience of chemical reaction networks and population protocols under non-uniform schedulers.

Cite as

Uri Meir, Rotem Oshman, Ofer Shayevitz, and Yuval Volkov. Resilience of 3-Majority Dynamics to Non-Uniform Schedulers. In 14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 251, pp. 86:1-86:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)


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@InProceedings{meir_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.86,
  author =	{Meir, Uri and Oshman, Rotem and Shayevitz, Ofer and Volkov, Yuval},
  title =	{{Resilience of 3-Majority Dynamics to Non-Uniform Schedulers}},
  booktitle =	{14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023)},
  pages =	{86:1--86:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-263-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{251},
  editor =	{Tauman Kalai, Yael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.86},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-175895},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.86},
  annote =	{Keywords: chemical reaction networks, population protocols, randomized scheduler}
}
Document
RANDOM
Lifting with Inner Functions of Polynomial Discrepancy

Authors: Yahel Manor and Or Meir

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 245, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2022)


Abstract
Lifting theorems are theorems that bound the communication complexity of a composed function f∘gⁿ in terms of the query complexity of f and the communication complexity of g. Such theorems constitute a powerful generalization of direct-sum theorems for g, and have seen numerous applications in recent years. We prove a new lifting theorem that works for every two functions f,g such that the discrepancy of g is at most inverse polynomial in the input length of f. Our result is a significant generalization of the known direct-sum theorem for discrepancy, and extends the range of inner functions g for which lifting theorems hold.

Cite as

Yahel Manor and Or Meir. Lifting with Inner Functions of Polynomial Discrepancy. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 245, pp. 26:1-26:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{manor_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2022.26,
  author =	{Manor, Yahel and Meir, Or},
  title =	{{Lifting with Inner Functions of Polynomial Discrepancy}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2022)},
  pages =	{26:1--26:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-249-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{245},
  editor =	{Chakrabarti, Amit and Swamy, Chaitanya},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2022.26},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-171486},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2022.26},
  annote =	{Keywords: Lifting, communication complexity, query complexity, discrepancy}
}
Document
Small Circuits Imply Efficient Arthur-Merlin Protocols

Authors: Michael Ezra and Ron D. Rothblum

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 215, 13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)


Abstract
The inner product function ⟨ x,y ⟩ = ∑_i x_i y_i mod 2 can be easily computed by a (linear-size) AC⁰(⊕) circuit: that is, a constant depth circuit with AND, OR and parity (XOR) gates. But what if we impose the restriction that the parity gates can only be on the bottom most layer (closest to the input)? Namely, can the inner product function be computed by an AC⁰ circuit composed with a single layer of parity gates? This seemingly simple question is an important open question at the frontier of circuit lower bound research. In this work, we focus on a minimalistic version of the above question. Namely, whether the inner product function cannot be approximated by a small DNF augmented with a single layer of parity gates. Our main result shows that the existence of such a circuit would have unexpected implications for interactive proofs, or more specifically, for interactive variants of the Data Streaming and Communication Complexity models. In particular, we show that the existence of such a small (i.e., polynomial-size) circuit yields: 1) An O(d)-message protocol in the Arthur-Merlin Data Streaming model for every n-variate, degree d polynomial (over GF(2)), using only Õ(d) ⋅log(n) communication and space complexity. In particular, this gives an AM[2] Data Streaming protocol for a variant of the well-studied triangle counting problem, with poly-logarithmic communication and space complexities. 2) A 2-message communication complexity protocol for any sparse (or low degree) polynomial, and for any function computable by an AC⁰(⊕) circuit. Specifically, for the latter, we obtain a protocol with communication complexity that is poly-logarithmic in the size of the AC⁰(⊕) circuit.

Cite as

Michael Ezra and Ron D. Rothblum. Small Circuits Imply Efficient Arthur-Merlin Protocols. In 13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 215, pp. 67:1-67:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)


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@InProceedings{ezra_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.67,
  author =	{Ezra, Michael and Rothblum, Ron D.},
  title =	{{Small Circuits Imply Efficient Arthur-Merlin Protocols}},
  booktitle =	{13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)},
  pages =	{67:1--67:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-217-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{215},
  editor =	{Braverman, Mark},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.67},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-156635},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.67},
  annote =	{Keywords: Circuits Complexity, Circuit Lower Bounds, Communication Complexity, Data Streaming, Arthur-Merlin games, Interactive Proofs}
}
Document
The Power of Negative Reasoning

Authors: Susanna F. de Rezende, Massimo Lauria, Jakob Nordström, and Dmitry Sokolov

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 200, 36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021)


Abstract
Semialgebraic proof systems have been studied extensively in proof complexity since the late 1990s to understand the power of Gröbner basis computations, linear and semidefinite programming hierarchies, and other methods. Such proof systems are defined alternately with only the original variables of the problem and with special formal variables for positive and negative literals, but there seems to have been no study how these different definitions affect the power of the proof systems. We show for Nullstellensatz, polynomial calculus, Sherali-Adams, and sums-of-squares that adding formal variables for negative literals makes the proof systems exponentially stronger, with respect to the number of terms in the proofs. These separations are witnessed by CNF formulas that are easy for resolution, which establishes that polynomial calculus, Sherali-Adams, and sums-of-squares cannot efficiently simulate resolution without having access to variables for negative literals.

Cite as

Susanna F. de Rezende, Massimo Lauria, Jakob Nordström, and Dmitry Sokolov. The Power of Negative Reasoning. In 36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 200, pp. 40:1-40:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)


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@InProceedings{derezende_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2021.40,
  author =	{de Rezende, Susanna F. and Lauria, Massimo and Nordstr\"{o}m, Jakob and Sokolov, Dmitry},
  title =	{{The Power of Negative Reasoning}},
  booktitle =	{36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021)},
  pages =	{40:1--40:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-193-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{200},
  editor =	{Kabanets, Valentine},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.40},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-143140},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.40},
  annote =	{Keywords: Proof complexity, Polynomial calculus, Nullstellensatz, Sums-of-squares, Sherali-Adams}
}
Document
Comparison Graphs: A Unified Method for Uniformity Testing

Authors: Uri Meir

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 185, 12th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2021)


Abstract
Distribution testing can be described as follows: q samples are being drawn from some unknown distribution P over a known domain [n]. After the sampling process, a decision must be made about whether P holds some property, or is far from it. The most studied problem in the field is arguably uniformity testing, where one needs to distinguish the case that P is uniform over [n] from the case that P is ε-far from being uniform (in 𝓁₁). It is known that for this task Θ(√n/ε²) samples are necessary and sufficient. This problem was recently considered in various restricted models that pose, for example, communication or memory constraints. In more than one occasion, the known optimal solution boils down to counting collisions among the drawn samples (each two samples that have the same value add one to the count). This idea dates back to the first uniformity tester, and was coined the name "collision-based tester". In this paper, we introduce the notion of comparison graphs and use it to formally define a generalized collision-based tester. Roughly speaking, the edges of the graph indicate the tester which pairs of samples should be compared (that is, the original tester is induced by a clique, where all pairs are being compared). We prove a structural theorem that gives a sufficient condition for a comparison graph to induce a good uniformity tester. As an application, we develop a generic method to test uniformity, and devise nearly-optimal uniformity testers under various computational constraints. We improve and simplify a few known results, and introduce a new constrained model in which the method also produces an efficient tester. The idea behind our method is to translate computational constraints of a certain model to ones on the comparison graph, which paves the way to finding a good graph: a set of comparisons allowed by the model that suffice to test for uniformity. We believe that in future consideration of uniformity testing in new models, our method can be used to obtain efficient testers with minimal effort.

Cite as

Uri Meir. Comparison Graphs: A Unified Method for Uniformity Testing. In 12th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 185, pp. 17:1-17:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)


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@InProceedings{meir:LIPIcs.ITCS.2021.17,
  author =	{Meir, Uri},
  title =	{{Comparison Graphs: A Unified Method for Uniformity Testing}},
  booktitle =	{12th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2021)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-177-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{185},
  editor =	{Lee, James R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2021.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-135560},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2021.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: Distribution Testing, Uniformity Testing, Distributed Algorithms, Streaming Algorithms, Comparison Graphs}
}
Document
Extended Abstract
Shrinkage Under Random Projections, and Cubic Formula Lower Bounds for AC0 (Extended Abstract)

Authors: Yuval Filmus, Or Meir, and Avishay Tal

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 185, 12th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2021)


Abstract
Håstad showed that any De Morgan formula (composed of AND, OR and NOT gates) shrinks by a factor of O(p²) under a random restriction that leaves each variable alive independently with probability p [SICOMP, 1998]. Using this result, he gave an Ω̃(n³) formula size lower bound for the Andreev function, which, up to lower order improvements, remains the state-of-the-art lower bound for any explicit function. In this work, we extend the shrinkage result of Håstad to hold under a far wider family of random restrictions and their generalization - random projections. Based on our shrinkage results, we obtain an Ω̃(n³) formula size lower bound for an explicit function computed in AC⁰. This improves upon the best known formula size lower bounds for AC⁰, that were only quadratic prior to our work. In addition, we prove that the KRW conjecture [Karchmer et al., Computational Complexity 5(3/4), 1995] holds for inner functions for which the unweighted quantum adversary bound is tight. In particular, this holds for inner functions with a tight Khrapchenko bound. Our random projections are tailor-made to the function’s structure so that the function maintains structure even under projection - using such projections is necessary, as standard random restrictions simplify AC⁰ circuits. In contrast, we show that any De Morgan formula shrinks by a quadratic factor under our random projections, allowing us to prove the cubic lower bound. Our proof techniques build on the proof of Håstad for the simpler case of balanced formulas. This allows for a significantly simpler proof at the cost of slightly worse parameters. As such, when specialized to the case of p-random restrictions, our proof can be used as an exposition of Håstad’s result.

Cite as

Yuval Filmus, Or Meir, and Avishay Tal. Shrinkage Under Random Projections, and Cubic Formula Lower Bounds for AC0 (Extended Abstract). In 12th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 185, pp. 89:1-89:7, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)


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@InProceedings{filmus_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2021.89,
  author =	{Filmus, Yuval and Meir, Or and Tal, Avishay},
  title =	{{Shrinkage Under Random Projections, and Cubic Formula Lower Bounds for AC0}},
  booktitle =	{12th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2021)},
  pages =	{89:1--89:7},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-177-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{185},
  editor =	{Lee, James R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2021.89},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-136281},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2021.89},
  annote =	{Keywords: De Morgan formulas, KRW Conjecture, shrinkage, random restrictions, random projections, bounded depth circuits, constant depth circuits, formula complexity}
}
Document
Invited Talk
Progress in Lifting and Applications in Lower Bounds (Invited Talk)

Authors: Toniann Pitassi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 150, 39th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2019)


Abstract
Ever since Yao introduced the communication complexity model in 1979, it has played a pivotal role in our understanding of limitations for a wide variety of problems in Computer Science. In this talk, I will present the lifting method, whereby communication lower bounds are obtained by lifting much simpler lower bounds. I will show how lifting theorems have been used to solve many open problems in a variety of areas of computer science, including: circuit complexity, proof complexity, combinatorial optimization (size of linear programming formulations), cryptography (linear secret sharing schemes), game theory and privacy. At the end of the talk, I will sketch the proof of a unified lifting theorem for deterministic and randomized communication (joint with Arkadev Chattopadyhay, Yuval Filmus, Sajin Koroth, and Or Meir.)

Cite as

Toniann Pitassi. Progress in Lifting and Applications in Lower Bounds (Invited Talk). In 39th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 150, p. 4:1, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@InProceedings{pitassi:LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2019.4,
  author =	{Pitassi, Toniann},
  title =	{{Progress in Lifting and Applications in Lower Bounds}},
  booktitle =	{39th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2019)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:1},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-131-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{150},
  editor =	{Chattopadhyay, Arkadev and Gastin, Paul},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2019.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-115664},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2019.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: complexity theory, lower bounds, communication complexity}
}
Document
Criticality of Regular Formulas

Authors: Benjamin Rossman

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 137, 34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019)


Abstract
We define the criticality of a boolean function f : {0,1}^n -> {0,1} as the minimum real number lambda >= 1 such that Pr [DT_{depth}(f|R_p) >= t] <= (p lambda)^t for all p in [0,1] and t in N, where R_p is the p-random restriction and DT_{depth} is decision-tree depth. Criticality is a useful parameter: it implies an O(2^((1- 1/(2 lambda))n)) bound on the decision-tree size of f, as well as a 2^{-Omega(k/lambda)} bound on Fourier weight of f on coefficients of size >= k. In an unpublished manuscript [Rossmann, 2018], the author showed that a combination of Håstad’s switching and multi-switching lemmas [Håstad, 1986; Håstad, 2014] implies that AC^0 circuits of depth d+1 and size s have criticality at most O(log s)^d. In the present paper, we establish a stronger O(1/d log s)^d bound for regular formulas: the class of AC^0 formulas in which all gates at any given depth have the same fan-in. This result is based on (i) a novel switching lemma for bounded size (unbounded width) DNF formulas, and (ii) an extension of (i) which analyzes a canonical decision tree associated with an entire depth-d formula. As corollaries of our criticality bound, we obtain an improved #SAT algorithm and tight Linial-Mansour-Nisan Theorem for regular formulas, strengthening previous results for AC^0 circuits due to Impagliazzo, Matthews, Paturi [Impagliazzo et al., 2012] and Tal [Tal, 2017]. As a further corollary, we increase from o(log n /(log log n)) to o(log n) the number of quantifier alternations for which the QBF-SAT (quantified boolean formula satisfiability) algorithm of Santhanam and Williams [Santhanam and Williams, 2014] beats exhaustive search.

Cite as

Benjamin Rossman. Criticality of Regular Formulas. In 34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 137, pp. 1:1-1:28, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@InProceedings{rossman:LIPIcs.CCC.2019.1,
  author =	{Rossman, Benjamin},
  title =	{{Criticality of Regular Formulas}},
  booktitle =	{34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:28},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-116-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{137},
  editor =	{Shpilka, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108230},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: AC^0 circuits, formulas, criticality}
}
Document
Nullstellensatz Size-Degree Trade-offs from Reversible Pebbling

Authors: Susanna F. de Rezende, Jakob Nordström, Or Meir, and Robert Robere

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 137, 34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019)


Abstract
We establish an exactly tight relation between reversible pebblings of graphs and Nullstellensatz refutations of pebbling formulas, showing that a graph G can be reversibly pebbled in time t and space s if and only if there is a Nullstellensatz refutation of the pebbling formula over G in size t+1 and degree s (independently of the field in which the Nullstellensatz refutation is made). We use this correspondence to prove a number of strong size-degree trade-offs for Nullstellensatz, which to the best of our knowledge are the first such results for this proof system.

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Susanna F. de Rezende, Jakob Nordström, Or Meir, and Robert Robere. Nullstellensatz Size-Degree Trade-offs from Reversible Pebbling. In 34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 137, pp. 18:1-18:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@InProceedings{derezende_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2019.18,
  author =	{de Rezende, Susanna F. and Nordstr\"{o}m, Jakob and Meir, Or and Robere, Robert},
  title =	{{Nullstellensatz Size-Degree Trade-offs from Reversible Pebbling}},
  booktitle =	{34th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2019)},
  pages =	{18:1--18:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-116-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{137},
  editor =	{Shpilka, Amir},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108403},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2019.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: proof complexity, Nullstellensatz, pebble games, trade-offs, size, degree}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
Query-To-Communication Lifting for BPP Using Inner Product

Authors: Arkadev Chattopadhyay, Yuval Filmus, Sajin Koroth, Or Meir, and Toniann Pitassi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 132, 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)


Abstract
We prove a new query-to-communication lifting for randomized protocols, with inner product as gadget. This allows us to use a much smaller gadget, leading to a more efficient lifting. Prior to this work, such a theorem was known only for deterministic protocols, due to Chattopadhyay et al. [Arkadev Chattopadhyay et al., 2017] and Wu et al. [Xiaodi Wu et al., 2017]. The only query-to-communication lifting result for randomized protocols, due to Göös, Pitassi and Watson [Mika Göös et al., 2017], used the much larger indexing gadget. Our proof also provides a unified treatment of randomized and deterministic lifting. Most existing proofs of deterministic lifting theorems use a measure of information known as thickness. In contrast, Göös, Pitassi and Watson [Mika Göös et al., 2017] used blockwise min-entropy as a measure of information. Our proof uses the blockwise min-entropy framework to prove lifting theorems in both settings in a unified way.

Cite as

Arkadev Chattopadhyay, Yuval Filmus, Sajin Koroth, Or Meir, and Toniann Pitassi. Query-To-Communication Lifting for BPP Using Inner Product. In 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 132, pp. 35:1-35:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@InProceedings{chattopadhyay_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.35,
  author =	{Chattopadhyay, Arkadev and Filmus, Yuval and Koroth, Sajin and Meir, Or and Pitassi, Toniann},
  title =	{{Query-To-Communication Lifting for BPP Using Inner Product}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)},
  pages =	{35:1--35:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-109-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{132},
  editor =	{Baier, Christel and Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Flocchini, Paola and Leonardi, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.35},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-106110},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.35},
  annote =	{Keywords: lifting theorems, inner product, BPP Lifting, Deterministic Lifting}
}
Document
Lifting Theorems for Equality

Authors: Bruno Loff and Sagnik Mukhopadhyay

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 126, 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)


Abstract
We show a deterministic simulation (or lifting) theorem for composed problems f o Eq_n where the inner function (the gadget) is Equality on n bits. When f is a total function on p bits, it is easy to show via a rank argument that the communication complexity of f o Eq_n is Omega(deg(f) * n). However, there is a surprising counter-example of a partial function f on p bits, such that any completion f' of f has deg(f') = Omega(p), and yet f o Eq_n has communication complexity O(n). Nonetheless, we are able to show that the communication complexity of f o Eq_n is at least D(f) * n for a complexity measure D(f) which is closely related to the AND-query complexity of f and is lower-bounded by the logarithm of the leaf complexity of f. As a corollary, we also obtain lifting theorems for the set-disjointness gadget, and a lifting theorem in the context of parity decision-trees, for the NOR gadget. As an application, we prove a tight lower-bound for the deterministic communication complexity of the communication problem, where Alice and Bob are each given p-many n-bit strings, with the promise that either all of the strings are distinct, or all-but-one of the strings are distinct, and they wish to know which is the case. We show that the complexity of this problem is Theta(p * n).

Cite as

Bruno Loff and Sagnik Mukhopadhyay. Lifting Theorems for Equality. In 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 126, pp. 50:1-50:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)


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@InProceedings{loff_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2019.50,
  author =	{Loff, Bruno and Mukhopadhyay, Sagnik},
  title =	{{Lifting Theorems for Equality}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)},
  pages =	{50:1--50:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-100-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{126},
  editor =	{Niedermeier, Rolf and Paul, Christophe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.50},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-102892},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.50},
  annote =	{Keywords: Communication complexity, Query complexity, Simulation theorem, Equality function}
}
Document
Improved Composition Theorems for Functions and Relations

Authors: Sajin Koroth and Or Meir

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 116, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018)


Abstract
One of the central problems in complexity theory is to prove super-logarithmic depth bounds for circuits computing a problem in P, i.e., to prove that P is not contained in NC^1. As an approach for this question, Karchmer, Raz and Wigderson [Mauricio Karchmer et al., 1995] proposed a conjecture called the KRW conjecture, which if true, would imply that P is not cotained in NC^{1}. Since proving this conjecture is currently considered an extremely difficult problem, previous works by Edmonds, Impagliazzo, Rudich and Sgall [Edmonds et al., 2001], Håstad and Wigderson [Johan Håstad and Avi Wigderson, 1990] and Gavinsky, Meir, Weinstein and Wigderson [Dmitry Gavinsky et al., 2014] considered weaker variants of the conjecture. In this work we significantly improve the parameters in these variants, achieving almost tight lower bounds.

Cite as

Sajin Koroth and Or Meir. Improved Composition Theorems for Functions and Relations. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 116, pp. 48:1-48:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)


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@InProceedings{koroth_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.48,
  author =	{Koroth, Sajin and Meir, Or},
  title =	{{Improved Composition Theorems for Functions and Relations}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018)},
  pages =	{48:1--48:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-085-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{116},
  editor =	{Blais, Eric and Jansen, Klaus and D. P. Rolim, Jos\'{e} and Steurer, David},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.48},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-94525},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.48},
  annote =	{Keywords: circuit complexity, communication complexity, KRW conjecture, composition}
}
Document
Toward the KRW Composition Conjecture: Cubic Formula Lower Bounds via Communication Complexity

Authors: Irit Dinur and Or Meir

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 50, 31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016)


Abstract
One of the major challenges of the research in circuit complexity is proving super-polynomial lower bounds for de-Morgan formulas. Karchmer, Raz, and Wigderson suggested to approach this problem by proving that formula complexity behaves "as expected" with respect to the composition of functions f * g. They showed that this conjecture, if proved, would imply super-polynomial formula lower bounds. The first step toward proving the KRW conjecture was made by Edmonds et al., who proved an analogue of the conjecture for the composition of "universal relations". In this work, we extend the argument of Edmonds et al. further to f * g where f is an arbitrary function and g is the parity function. While this special case of the KRW conjecture was already proved implicitly in Hastad's work on random restrictions, our proof seems more likely to be generalizable to other cases of the conjecture. In particular, our proof uses an entirely different approach, based on communication complexity technique of Karchmer and Wigderson. In addition, our proof gives a new structural result, which roughly says that the naive way for computing f * g is the only optimal way. Along the way, we obtain a new proof of the state-of-the-art formula lower bound of n^{3-o(1)} due to Hastad.

Cite as

Irit Dinur and Or Meir. Toward the KRW Composition Conjecture: Cubic Formula Lower Bounds via Communication Complexity. In 31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 50, pp. 3:1-3:51, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)


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@InProceedings{dinur_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2016.3,
  author =	{Dinur, Irit and Meir, Or},
  title =	{{Toward the KRW Composition Conjecture: Cubic Formula Lower Bounds via Communication Complexity}},
  booktitle =	{31st Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2016)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:51},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-008-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{50},
  editor =	{Raz, Ran},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2016.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-58412},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2016.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Formula lower bounds, communication complexity, Karchmer-Wigderson games, KRW composition conjecture}
}
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