2 Search Results for "Mendler, Michael"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.79
Making Decisions Under Outcome Performativity

Authors: Michael P. Kim and Juan C. Perdomo

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 251, 14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023)

Abstract
Decision-makers often act in response to data-driven predictions, with the goal of achieving favorable outcomes. In such settings, predictions don’t passively forecast the future; instead, predictions actively shape the distribution of outcomes they are meant to predict. This performative prediction setting [Brown et al., 2022] raises new challenges for learning "optimal" decision rules. In particular, existing solution concepts do not address the apparent tension between the goals of forecasting outcomes accurately and steering individuals to achieve desirable outcomes. To contend with this concern, we introduce a new optimality concept - performative omniprediction - adapted from the supervised (non-performative) learning setting [Gopalan et al., 2022]. A performative omnipredictor is a single predictor that simultaneously encodes the optimal decision rule with respect to many possibly-competing objectives. Our main result demonstrates that efficient performative omnipredictors exist, under a natural restriction of performative prediction, which we call outcome performativity. On a technical level, our results follow by carefully generalizing the notion of outcome indistinguishability [Cynthia Dwork et al., 2021] to the outcome performative setting. From an appropriate notion of Performative OI, we recover many consequences known to hold in the supervised setting, such as omniprediction and universal adaptability [Kim et al., 2022].
Cite as

Michael P. Kim and Juan C. Perdomo. Making Decisions Under Outcome Performativity. In 14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 251, pp. 79:1-79:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{kim_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.79,
  author =	{Kim, Michael P. and Perdomo, Juan C.},
  title =	{{Making Decisions Under Outcome Performativity}},
  booktitle =	{14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023)},
  pages =	{79:1--79:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-263-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{251},
  editor =	{Tauman Kalai, Yael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.79},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-175824},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.79},
  annote =	{Keywords: performative prediction, outcome indistinguishability}
}
Document
Invited Talk
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2018.3
Logical Analysis of Distributed Systems: The Importance of Being Constructive (Invited Talk)

Authors: Michael Mendler

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 121, 32nd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2018)

Abstract
The design and analysis of complex distributed systems proceeds along numerous levels of abstractions. One key abstraction step for reducing complexity is the passage from analog transistor electronics to synchronously clocked digital circuits. This significantly simplifies the modelling from continuous differential equations over the real numbers to discrete Mealy automata over two-valued Boolean algebra. Although typically taken for granted, this step is magic. How do we obtain clock synchronization from asynchronous communication of continuous values? How do we decide on the discrete meaning of continuous signals without a synchronization clock? From a logical perspective, the possibility of synchronization is paradoxical and appears "out of thin air." The chicken-or-egg paradox persists at higher levels abstraction for distributed software. We cannot achieve globally consistent state from local communications without synchronization. At the same time we cannot synchronize without access to globally consistent state. From this perspective, distributed algorithms such as for leader election, consensus or mutual exclusion do not strictly solve their task but merely reduce one synchronization problem to another. This talk revisits the logical justification of the synchronous abstraction claiming that correctness arguments, in so far as they are not merely reductions, must intrinsically depend on reasoning in classical logic. This is studied at the circuit level, where all software reductions must end. The well-known result that some synchronization elements cannot be implemented in delay-insensitive circuits is related to Berry's Thesis according to which digital circuits are delay-insensitive if and only if they are provably correct in constructive logic. More technically, the talk will show how non-inertial delays give rise to a constructive modal logic while inertial delays are inherently non-constructive. This gives a logical explanation for why inertial delays can be used to build arbiters, memory-cells and other synchronization elements, while non-inertial delays are not powerful enough. Though these results are tentative, they indicate the importance of logical constructiveness for metastable-free discrete abstractions of physical behavior. This also indicates that metastability is an unavoidable artifact of the digital abstraction in classical logic.
Cite as

Michael Mendler. Logical Analysis of Distributed Systems: The Importance of Being Constructive (Invited Talk). In 32nd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 121, p. 3:1, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{mendler:LIPIcs.DISC.2018.3,
  author =	{Mendler, Michael},
  title =	{{Logical Analysis of Distributed Systems: The Importance of Being Constructive}},
  booktitle =	{32nd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2018)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:1},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-092-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{121},
  editor =	{Schmid, Ulrich and Widder, Josef},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2018.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-97925},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2018.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Hardware synchronisation, inertial delays, delay-insensitive circuits, constructive circuits, metastability, constructive modal logic}
}
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