10 Search Results for "Oliveira, Rafael"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2023.20
Radical Sylvester-Gallai Theorem for Tuples of Quadratics

Authors: Abhibhav Garg, Rafael Oliveira, Shir Peleg, and Akash Kumar Sengupta

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 264, 38th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2023)

Abstract
We prove a higher codimensional radical Sylvester-Gallai type theorem for quadratic polynomials, simultaneously generalizing [Hansen, 1965; Shpilka, 2020]. Hansen’s theorem is a high-dimensional version of the classical Sylvester-Gallai theorem in which the incidence condition is given by high-dimensional flats instead of lines. We generalize Hansen’s theorem to the setting of quadratic forms in a polynomial ring, where the incidence condition is given by radical membership in a high-codimensional ideal. Our main theorem is also a generalization of the quadratic Sylvester-Gallai Theorem of [Shpilka, 2020]. Our work is the first to prove a radical Sylvester-Gallai type theorem for arbitrary codimension k ≥ 2, whereas previous works [Shpilka, 2020; Shir Peleg and Amir Shpilka, 2020; Shir Peleg and Amir Shpilka, 2021; Garg et al., 2022] considered the case of codimension 2 ideals. Our techniques combine algebraic geometric and combinatorial arguments. A key ingredient is a structural result for ideals generated by a constant number of quadratics, showing that such ideals must be radical whenever the quadratic forms are far apart. Using the wide algebras defined in [Garg et al., 2022], combined with results about integral ring extensions and dimension theory, we develop new techniques for studying such ideals generated by quadratic forms. One advantage of our approach is that it does not need the finer classification theorems for codimension 2 complete intersection of quadratics proved in [Shpilka, 2020; Garg et al., 2022].
Cite as

Abhibhav Garg, Rafael Oliveira, Shir Peleg, and Akash Kumar Sengupta. Radical Sylvester-Gallai Theorem for Tuples of Quadratics. In 38th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 264, pp. 20:1-20:30, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{garg_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2023.20,
  author =	{Garg, Abhibhav and Oliveira, Rafael and Peleg, Shir and Sengupta, Akash Kumar},
  title =	{{Radical Sylvester-Gallai Theorem for Tuples of Quadratics}},
  booktitle =	{38th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2023)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:30},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-282-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{264},
  editor =	{Ta-Shma, Amnon},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2023.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-182903},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2023.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Sylvester-Gallai theorem, arrangements of hypersurfaces, algebraic complexity, polynomial identity testing, algebraic geometry, commutative algebra}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.42
Bit Complexity of Jordan Normal Form and Polynomial Spectral Factorization

Authors: Papri Dey, Ravi Kannan, Nick Ryder, and Nikhil Srivastava

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 251, 14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023)

Abstract
We study the bit complexity of two related fundamental computational problems in linear algebra and control theory. Our results are: (1) An Õ(n^{ω+3}a+n⁴a²+n^ωlog(1/ε)) time algorithm for finding an ε-approximation to the Jordan Normal form of an integer matrix with a-bit entries, where ω is the exponent of matrix multiplication. (2) An Õ(n⁶d⁶a+n⁴d⁴a²+n³d³log(1/ε)) time algorithm for ε-approximately computing the spectral factorization P(x) = Q^*(x)Q(x) of a given monic n× n rational matrix polynomial of degree 2d with rational a-bit coefficients having a-bit common denominators, which satisfies P(x)⪰0 for all real x. The first algorithm is used as a subroutine in the second one. Despite its being of central importance, polynomial complexity bounds were not previously known for spectral factorization, and for Jordan form the best previous best running time was an unspecified polynomial in n of degree at least twelve [Cai, 1994]. Our algorithms are simple and judiciously combine techniques from numerical and symbolic computation, yielding significant advantages over either approach by itself.
Cite as

Papri Dey, Ravi Kannan, Nick Ryder, and Nikhil Srivastava. Bit Complexity of Jordan Normal Form and Polynomial Spectral Factorization. In 14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 251, pp. 42:1-42:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{dey_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.42,
  author =	{Dey, Papri and Kannan, Ravi and Ryder, Nick and Srivastava, Nikhil},
  title =	{{Bit Complexity of Jordan Normal Form and Polynomial Spectral Factorization}},
  booktitle =	{14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023)},
  pages =	{42:1--42:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-263-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{251},
  editor =	{Tauman Kalai, Yael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.42},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-175450},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.42},
  annote =	{Keywords: Symbolic algorithms, numerical algorithms, linear algebra}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.42
Robust Radical Sylvester-Gallai Theorem for Quadratics

Authors: Abhibhav Garg, Rafael Oliveira, and Akash Kumar Sengupta

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 224, 38th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2022)

Abstract
We prove a robust generalization of a Sylvester-Gallai type theorem for quadratic polynomials. More precisely, given a parameter 0 < δ ≤ 1 and a finite collection ℱ of irreducible and pairwise independent polynomials of degree at most 2, we say that ℱ is a (δ, 2)-radical Sylvester-Gallai configuration if for any polynomial F_i ∈ ℱ, there exist δ(|ℱ|-1) polynomials F_j such that |rad (F_i, F_j) ∩ ℱ| ≥ 3, that is, the radical of F_i, F_j contains a third polynomial in the set. We prove that any (δ, 2)-radical Sylvester-Gallai configuration ℱ must be of low dimension: that is dim span_ℂ{ℱ} = poly(1/δ).
Cite as

Abhibhav Garg, Rafael Oliveira, and Akash Kumar Sengupta. Robust Radical Sylvester-Gallai Theorem for Quadratics. In 38th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 224, pp. 42:1-42:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{garg_et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.42,
  author =	{Garg, Abhibhav and Oliveira, Rafael and Sengupta, Akash Kumar},
  title =	{{Robust Radical Sylvester-Gallai Theorem for Quadratics}},
  booktitle =	{38th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2022)},
  pages =	{42:1--42:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-227-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{224},
  editor =	{Goaoc, Xavier and Kerber, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.42},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-160505},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.42},
  annote =	{Keywords: Sylvester-Gallai theorem, arrangements of hypersurfaces, locally correctable codes, algebraic complexity, polynomial identity testing, algebraic geometry, commutative algebra}
}
Document
Invited Talk
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.1
Optimization, Complexity and Invariant Theory (Invited Talk)

Authors: Peter Bürgisser

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 187, 38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2021)

Abstract
Invariant and representation theory studies symmetries by means of group actions and is a well established source of unifying principles in mathematics and physics. Recent research suggests its relevance for complexity and optimization through quantitative and algorithmic questions. The goal of the talk is to give an introduction to new algorithmic and analysis techniques that extend convex optimization from the classical Euclidean setting to a general geodesic setting. We also point out surprising connections to a diverse set of problems in different areas of mathematics, statistics, computer science, and physics.
Cite as

Peter Bürgisser. Optimization, Complexity and Invariant Theory (Invited Talk). In 38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 187, pp. 1:1-1:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{burgisser:LIPIcs.STACS.2021.1,
  author =	{B\"{u}rgisser, Peter},
  title =	{{Optimization, Complexity and Invariant Theory}},
  booktitle =	{38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2021)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-180-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{187},
  editor =	{Bl\"{a}ser, Markus and Monmege, Benjamin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-136460},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: geometric invariant theory, geodesic optimization, non-commutative optimization, null cone, operator scaling, moment polytope, orbit closure intersection, geometric programming}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2020.12
Search Problems in Algebraic Complexity, GCT, and Hardness of Generators for Invariant Rings

Authors: Ankit Garg, Christian Ikenmeyer, Visu Makam, Rafael Oliveira, Michael Walter, and Avi Wigderson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 169, 35th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2020)

Abstract
We consider the problem of computing succinct encodings of lists of generators for invariant rings for group actions. Mulmuley conjectured that there are always polynomial sized such encodings for invariant rings of SL_n(ℂ)-representations. We provide simple examples that disprove this conjecture (under standard complexity assumptions). We develop a general framework, denoted algebraic circuit search problems, that captures many important problems in algebraic complexity and computational invariant theory. This framework encompasses various proof systems in proof complexity and some of the central problems in invariant theory as exposed by the Geometric Complexity Theory (GCT) program, including the aforementioned problem of computing succinct encodings for generators for invariant rings.
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Ankit Garg, Christian Ikenmeyer, Visu Makam, Rafael Oliveira, Michael Walter, and Avi Wigderson. Search Problems in Algebraic Complexity, GCT, and Hardness of Generators for Invariant Rings. In 35th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 169, pp. 12:1-12:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{garg_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2020.12,
  author =	{Garg, Ankit and Ikenmeyer, Christian and Makam, Visu and Oliveira, Rafael and Walter, Michael and Wigderson, Avi},
  title =	{{Search Problems in Algebraic Complexity, GCT, and Hardness of Generators for Invariant Rings}},
  booktitle =	{35th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2020)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-156-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{169},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2020.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-125645},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2020.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: generators for invariant rings, succinct encodings}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.78
Towards Optimal Depth Reductions for Syntactically Multilinear Circuits

Authors: Mrinal Kumar, Rafael Oliveira, and Ramprasad Saptharishi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 132, 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)

Abstract
We show that any n-variate polynomial computable by a syntactically multilinear circuit of size poly(n) can be computed by a depth-4 syntactically multilinear (Sigma Pi Sigma Pi) circuit of size at most exp ({O (sqrt{n log n})}). For degree d = omega(n/log n), this improves upon the upper bound of exp ({O(sqrt{d}log n)}) obtained by Tavenas [Sébastien Tavenas, 2015] for general circuits, and is known to be asymptotically optimal in the exponent when d < n^{epsilon} for a small enough constant epsilon. Our upper bound matches the lower bound of exp ({Omega (sqrt{n log n})}) proved by Raz and Yehudayoff [Ran Raz and Amir Yehudayoff, 2009], and thus cannot be improved further in the exponent. Our results hold over all fields and also generalize to circuits of small individual degree. More generally, we show that an n-variate polynomial computable by a syntactically multilinear circuit of size poly(n) can be computed by a syntactically multilinear circuit of product-depth Delta of size at most exp inparen{O inparen{Delta * (n/log n)^{1/Delta} * log n}}. It follows from the lower bounds of Raz and Yehudayoff [Ran Raz and Amir Yehudayoff, 2009] that in general, for constant Delta, the exponent in this upper bound is tight and cannot be improved to o inparen{inparen{n/log n}^{1/Delta}* log n}.
Cite as

Mrinal Kumar, Rafael Oliveira, and Ramprasad Saptharishi. Towards Optimal Depth Reductions for Syntactically Multilinear Circuits. In 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 132, pp. 78:1-78:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{kumar_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.78,
  author =	{Kumar, Mrinal and Oliveira, Rafael and Saptharishi, Ramprasad},
  title =	{{Towards Optimal Depth Reductions for Syntactically Multilinear Circuits}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)},
  pages =	{78:1--78:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-109-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{132},
  editor =	{Baier, Christel and Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Flocchini, Paola and Leonardi, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.78},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-106548},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.78},
  annote =	{Keywords: arithmetic circuits, multilinear circuits, depth reduction, lower bounds}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.1
Barriers for Rank Methods in Arithmetic Complexity

Authors: Klim Efremenko, Ankit Garg, Rafael Oliveira, and Avi Wigderson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 94, 9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018)

Abstract
Arithmetic complexity, the study of the cost of computing polynomials via additions and multiplications, is considered (for many good reasons) simpler to understand than Boolean complexity, namely computing Boolean functions via logical gates. And indeed, we seem to have significantly more lower bound techniques and results in arithmetic complexity than in Boolean complexity. Despite many successes and rapid progress, however, foundational challenges, like proving super-polynomial lower bounds on circuit or formula size for explicit polynomials, or super-linear lower bounds on explicit 3-dimensional tensors, remain elusive. At the same time (and possibly for similar reasons), we have plenty more excuses, in the form of "barrier results" for failing to prove basic lower bounds in Boolean complexity than in arithmetic complexity. Efforts to find barriers to arithmetic lower bound techniques seem harder, and despite some attempts we have no excuses of similar quality for these failures in arithmetic complexity. This paper aims to add to this study. In this paper we address rank methods, which were long recognized as encompassing and abstracting almost all known arithmetic lower bounds to-date, including the most recent impressive successes. Rank methods (under the name of flattenings) are also in wide use in algebraic geometry for proving tensor rank and symmetric tensor rank lower bounds. Our main results are barriers to these methods. In particular, 1. Rank methods cannot prove better than (2^d)*n^(d/2) lower bound on the tensor rank of any d-dimensional tensor of side n. (In particular, they cannot prove super-linear, indeed even >8n tensor rank lower bounds for any 3-dimensional tensors.) 2. Rank methods cannot prove (d+1)n^(d/2) on the Waring rank of any n-variate polynomial of degree d. (In particular, they cannot prove such lower bounds on stronger models, including depth-3 circuits.) The proofs of these bounds use simple linear-algebraic arguments, leveraging connections between the symbolic rank of matrix polynomials and the usual rank of their evaluations. These techniques can perhaps be extended to barriers for other arithmetic models on which progress has halted. To see how these barrier results directly inform the state-of-art in arithmetic complexity we note the following. First, the bounds above nearly match the best explicit bounds we know for these models, hence offer an explanations why the rank methods got stuck there. Second, the bounds above are a far cry (quadratically away) from the true complexity (e.g. of random polynomials) in these models, which if achieved (by any methods), are known to imply super-polynomial formula lower bounds. We also explain the relation of our barrier results to other attempts, and in particular how they significantly differ from the recent attempts to find analogues of "natural proofs" for arithmetic complexity. Finally, we discuss the few arithmetic lower bound approaches which fall outside rank methods, and some natural directions our barriers suggest.
Cite as

Klim Efremenko, Ankit Garg, Rafael Oliveira, and Avi Wigderson. Barriers for Rank Methods in Arithmetic Complexity. In 9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 94, pp. 1:1-1:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{efremenko_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.1,
  author =	{Efremenko, Klim and Garg, Ankit and Oliveira, Rafael and Wigderson, Avi},
  title =	{{Barriers for Rank Methods in Arithmetic Complexity}},
  booktitle =	{9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-060-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{94},
  editor =	{Karlin, Anna R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-83506},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Lower Bounds, Barriers, Partial Derivatives, Flattenings, Algebraic Complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.24
Alternating Minimization, Scaling Algorithms, and the Null-Cone Problem from Invariant Theory

Authors: Peter Bürgisser, Ankit Garg, Rafael Oliveira, Michael Walter, and Avi Wigderson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 94, 9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018)

Abstract
Alternating minimization heuristics seek to solve a (difficult) global optimization task through iteratively solving a sequence of (much easier) local optimization tasks on different parts (or blocks) of the input parameters. While popular and widely applicable, very few examples of this heuristic are rigorously shown to converge to optimality, and even fewer to do so efficiently. In this paper we present a general framework which is amenable to rigorous analysis, and expose its applicability. Its main feature is that the local optimization domains are each a group of invertible matrices, together naturally acting on tensors, and the optimization problem is minimizing the norm of an input tensor under this joint action. The solution of this optimization problem captures a basic problem in Invariant Theory, called the null-cone problem. This algebraic framework turns out to encompass natural computational problems in combinatorial optimization, algebra, analysis, quantum information theory, and geometric complexity theory. It includes and extends to high dimensions the recent advances on (2-dimensional) operator scaling. Our main result is a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for this general problem, which may be viewed as a multi-dimensional scaling algorithm. This directly leads to progress on some of the problems in the areas above, and a unified view of others. We explain how faster convergence of an algorithm for the same problem will allow resolving central open problems. Our main techniques come from Invariant Theory, and include its rich non-commutative duality theory, and new bounds on the bitsizes of coefficients of invariant polynomials. They enrich the algorithmic toolbox of this very computational field of mathematics, and are directly related to some challenges in geometric complexity theory (GCT).
Cite as

Peter Bürgisser, Ankit Garg, Rafael Oliveira, Michael Walter, and Avi Wigderson. Alternating Minimization, Scaling Algorithms, and the Null-Cone Problem from Invariant Theory. In 9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 94, pp. 24:1-24:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{burgisser_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.24,
  author =	{B\"{u}rgisser, Peter and Garg, Ankit and Oliveira, Rafael and Walter, Michael and Wigderson, Avi},
  title =	{{Alternating Minimization, Scaling Algorithms, and the Null-Cone Problem from Invariant Theory}},
  booktitle =	{9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-060-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{94},
  editor =	{Karlin, Anna R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-83510},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: alternating minimization, tensors, scaling, quantum marginal problem, null cone, invariant theory, geometric complexity theory}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2015.198
Factors of Low Individual Degree Polynomials

Authors: Rafael Oliveira

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 33, 30th Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2015)

Abstract
In [Kaltofen, 1989], Kaltofen proved the remarkable fact that multivariate polynomial factorization can be done efficiently, in randomized polynomial time. Still, more than twenty years after Kaltofen's work, many questions remain unanswered regarding the complexity aspects of polynomial factorization, such as the question of whether factors of polynomials efficiently computed by arithmetic formulas also have small arithmetic formulas, asked in [Kopparty/Saraf/Shpilka,CCC'14], and the question of bounding the depth of the circuits computing the factors of a polynomial. We are able to answer these questions in the affirmative for the interesting class of polynomials of bounded individual degrees, which contains polynomials such as the determinant and the permanent. We show that if P(x_1, ..., x_n) is a polynomial with individual degrees bounded by r that can be computed by a formula of size s and depth d, then any factor f(x_1, ..., x_n) of P(x_1, ..., x_n) can be computed by a formula of size poly((rn)^r, s) and depth d+5. This partially answers the question above posed in [Kopparty/Saraf/Shpilka,CCC'14], that asked if this result holds without the exponential dependence on r. Our work generalizes the main factorization theorem from Dvir et al. [Dvir/Shpilka/Yehudayoff,SIAM J. Comp., 2009], who proved it for the special case when the factors are of the form f(x_1, ..., x_n) = x_n - g(x_1, ..., x_n-1). Along the way, we introduce several new technical ideas that could be of independent interest when studying arithmetic circuits (or formulas).
Cite as

Rafael Oliveira. Factors of Low Individual Degree Polynomials. In 30th Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 33, pp. 198-216, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

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@InProceedings{oliveira:LIPIcs.CCC.2015.198,
  author =	{Oliveira, Rafael},
  title =	{{Factors of Low Individual Degree Polynomials}},
  booktitle =	{30th Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2015)},
  pages =	{198--216},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-81-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{33},
  editor =	{Zuckerman, David},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2015.198},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-50594},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2015.198},
  annote =	{Keywords: Arithmetic Circuits, Factoring, Algebraic Complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2015.304
Subexponential Size Hitting Sets for Bounded Depth Multilinear Formulas

Authors: Rafael Oliveira, Amir Shpilka, and Ben Lee Volk

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 33, 30th Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2015)

Abstract
In this paper we give subexponential size hitting sets for bounded depth multilinear arithmetic formulas. Using the known relation between black-box PIT and lower bounds we obtain lower bounds for these models. For depth-3 multilinear formulas, of size exp(n^delta), we give a hitting set of size exp(~O(n^(2/3 + 2*delta/3))). This implies a lower bound of exp(~Omega(n^(1/2))) for depth-3 multilinear formulas, for some explicit polynomial. For depth-4 multilinear formulas, of size exp(n^delta), we give a hitting set of size exp(~O(n^(2/3 + 4*delta/3)). This implies a lower bound of exp(~Omega(n^(1/4))) for depth-4 multilinear formulas, for some explicit polynomial. A regular formula consists of alternating layers of +,* gates, where all gates at layer i have the same fan-in. We give a hitting set of size (roughly) exp(n^(1-delta)), for regular depth-d multilinear formulas of size exp(n^delta), where delta = O(1/sqrt(5)^d)). This result implies a lower bound of roughly exp(~Omega(n^(1/sqrt(5)^d))) for such formulas. We note that better lower bounds are known for these models, but also that none of these bounds was achieved via construction of a hitting set. Moreover, no lower bound that implies such PIT results, even in the white-box model, is currently known. Our results are combinatorial in nature and rely on reducing the underlying formula, first to a depth-4 formula, and then to a read-once algebraic branching program (from depth-3 formulas we go straight to read-once algebraic branching programs).
Cite as

Rafael Oliveira, Amir Shpilka, and Ben Lee Volk. Subexponential Size Hitting Sets for Bounded Depth Multilinear Formulas. In 30th Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 33, pp. 304-322, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

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@InProceedings{oliveira_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2015.304,
  author =	{Oliveira, Rafael and Shpilka, Amir and Volk, Ben Lee},
  title =	{{Subexponential Size Hitting Sets for Bounded Depth Multilinear Formulas}},
  booktitle =	{30th Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC 2015)},
  pages =	{304--322},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-81-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{33},
  editor =	{Zuckerman, David},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2015.304},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-50548},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2015.304},
  annote =	{Keywords: Arithmetic Circuits, Derandomization, Polynomial Identity Testing}
}
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