4 Search Results for "Rao, Satish"


Document
Near-Linear Time Edit Distance for Indel Channels

Authors: Arun Ganesh and Aaron Sy

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 172, 20th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2020)


Abstract
We consider the following model for sampling pairs of strings: s₁ is a uniformly random bitstring of length n, and s₂ is the bitstring arrived at by applying substitutions, insertions, and deletions to each bit of s₁ with some probability. We show that the edit distance between s₁ and s₂ can be computed in O(n ln n) time with high probability, as long as each bit of s₁ has a mutation applied to it with probability at most a small constant. The algorithm is simple and only uses the textbook dynamic programming algorithm as a primitive, first computing an approximate alignment between the two strings, and then running the dynamic programming algorithm restricted to entries close to the approximate alignment. The analysis of our algorithm provides theoretical justification for alignment heuristics used in practice such as BLAST, FASTA, and MAFFT, which also start by computing approximate alignments quickly and then find the best alignment near the approximate alignment. Our main technical contribution is a partitioning of alignments such that the number of the subsets in the partition is not too large and every alignment in one subset is worse than an alignment considered by our algorithm with high probability. Similar techniques may be of interest in the average-case analysis of other problems commonly solved via dynamic programming.

Cite as

Arun Ganesh and Aaron Sy. Near-Linear Time Edit Distance for Indel Channels. In 20th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 172, pp. 17:1-17:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)


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@InProceedings{ganesh_et_al:LIPIcs.WABI.2020.17,
  author =	{Ganesh, Arun and Sy, Aaron},
  title =	{{Near-Linear Time Edit Distance for Indel Channels}},
  booktitle =	{20th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2020)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-161-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{172},
  editor =	{Kingsford, Carl and Pisanti, Nadia},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2020.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-128061},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2020.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: edit distance, average-case analysis, dynamic programming, sequence alignment}
}
Document
New Absolute Fast Converging Phylogeny Estimation Methods with Improved Scalability and Accuracy

Authors: Qiuyi (Richard) Zhang, Satish Rao, and Tandy Warnow

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 113, 18th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2018)


Abstract
Absolute fast converging (AFC) phylogeny estimation methods are ones that have been proven to recover the true tree with high probability given sequences whose lengths are polynomial in the number of number of leaves in the tree (once the shortest and longest branch lengths are fixed). While there has been a large literature on AFC methods, the best in terms of empirical performance was DCM_NJ, published in SODA 2001. The main empirical advantage of DCM_NJ over other AFC methods is its use of neighbor joining (NJ) to construct trees on smaller taxon subsets, which are then combined into a tree on the full set of species using a supertree method; in contrast, the other AFC methods in essence depend on quartet trees that are computed independently of each other, which reduces accuracy compared to neighbor joining. However, DCM_NJ is unlikely to scale to large datasets due to its reliance on supertree methods, as no current supertree methods are able to scale to large datasets with high accuracy. In this study we present a new approach to large-scale phylogeny estimation that shares some of the features of DCM_NJ but bypasses the use of supertree methods. We prove that this new approach is AFC and uses polynomial time. Furthermore, we describe variations on this basic approach that can be used with leaf-disjoint constraint trees (computed using methods such as maximum likelihood) to produce other AFC methods that are likely to provide even better accuracy. Thus, we present a new generalizable technique for large-scale tree estimation that is designed to improve scalability for phylogeny estimation methods to ultra-large datasets, and that can be used in a variety of settings (including tree estimation from unaligned sequences, and species tree estimation from gene trees).

Cite as

Qiuyi (Richard) Zhang, Satish Rao, and Tandy Warnow. New Absolute Fast Converging Phylogeny Estimation Methods with Improved Scalability and Accuracy. In 18th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 113, pp. 8:1-8:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)


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@InProceedings{zhang_et_al:LIPIcs.WABI.2018.8,
  author =	{Zhang, Qiuyi (Richard) and Rao, Satish and Warnow, Tandy},
  title =	{{New Absolute Fast Converging Phylogeny Estimation Methods with Improved Scalability and Accuracy}},
  booktitle =	{18th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2018)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:12},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-082-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{113},
  editor =	{Parida, Laxmi and Ukkonen, Esko},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2018.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-93108},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2018.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: phylogeny estimation, short quartets, sample complexity, absolute fast converging methods, neighbor joining, maximum likelihood}
}
Document
Unified Acceleration Method for Packing and Covering Problems via Diameter Reduction

Authors: Di Wang, Satish Rao, and Michael W. Mahoney

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 55, 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)


Abstract
In a series of recent breakthroughs, Allen-Zhu and Orecchia [Allen-Zhu/Orecchia, STOC 2015; Allen-Zhu/Orecchia, SODA 2015] leveraged insights from the linear coupling method [Allen-Zhu/Oreccia, arXiv 2014], which is a first-order optimization scheme, to provide improved algorithms for packing and covering linear programs. The result in [Allen-Zhu/Orecchia, STOC 2015] is particularly interesting, as the algorithm for packing LP achieves both width-independence and Nesterov-like acceleration, which was not known to be possible before. Somewhat surprisingly, however, while the dependence of the convergence rate on the error parameter epsilon for packing problems was improved to O(1/epsilon), which corresponds to what accelerated gradient methods are designed to achieve, the dependence for covering problems was only improved to O(1/epsilon^{1.5}), and even that required a different more complicated algorithm, rather than from Nesterov-like acceleration. Given the primal-dual connection between packing and covering problems and since previous algorithms for these very related problems have led to the same epsilon dependence, this discrepancy is surprising, and it leaves open the question of the exact role that the linear coupling is playing in coordinating the complementary gradient and mirror descent step of the algorithm. In this paper, we clarify these issues, illustrating that the linear coupling method can lead to improved O(1/epsilon) dependence for both packing and covering problems in a unified manner, i.e., with the same algorithm and almost identical analysis. Our main technical result is a novel dimension lifting method that reduces the coordinate-wise diameters of the feasible region for covering LPs, which is the key structural property to enable the same Nesterov-like acceleration as in the case of packing LPs. The technique is of independent interest and that may be useful in applying the accelerated linear coupling method to other combinatorial problems.

Cite as

Di Wang, Satish Rao, and Michael W. Mahoney. Unified Acceleration Method for Packing and Covering Problems via Diameter Reduction. In 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 55, pp. 50:1-50:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)


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@InProceedings{wang_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.50,
  author =	{Wang, Di and Rao, Satish and Mahoney, Michael W.},
  title =	{{Unified Acceleration Method for Packing and Covering Problems via Diameter Reduction}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)},
  pages =	{50:1--50:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-013-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{55},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Mitzenmacher, Michael and Rabani, Yuval and Sangiorgi, Davide},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.50},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-63308},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.50},
  annote =	{Keywords: Convex optimization, Accelerated gradient descent, Linear program, Approximation algorithm, Packing and covering}
}
Document
Approximating the Solution to Mixed Packing and Covering LPs in Parallel O˜(epsilon^{-3}) Time

Authors: Michael W. Mahoney, Satish Rao, Di Wang, and Peng Zhang

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 55, 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)


Abstract
We study the problem of approximately solving positive linear programs (LPs). This class of LPs models a wide range of fundamental problems in combinatorial optimization and operations research, such as many resource allocation problems, solving non-negative linear systems, computing tomography, single/multi commodity flows on graphs, etc. For the special cases of pure packing or pure covering LPs, recent result by Allen-Zhu and Orecchia [Allen/Zhu/Orecchia, SODA'15] gives O˜(1/(epsilon^3))-time parallel algorithm, which breaks the longstanding O˜(1/(epsilon^4)) running time bound by the seminal work of Luby and Nisan [Luby/Nisan, STOC'93]. We present new parallel algorithm with running time O˜(1/(epsilon^3)) for the more general mixed packing and covering LPs, which improves upon the O˜(1/(epsilon^4))-time algorithm of Young [Young, FOCS'01; Young, arXiv 2014]. Our work leverages the ideas from both the optimization oriented approach [Allen/Zhu/Orecchia, SODA'15; Wang/Mahoney/Mohan/Rao, arXiv 2015], as well as the more combinatorial approach with phases [Young, FOCS'01; Young, arXiv 2014]. In addition, our algorithm, when directly applied to pure packing or pure covering LPs, gives a improved running time of O˜(1/(epsilon^2)).

Cite as

Michael W. Mahoney, Satish Rao, Di Wang, and Peng Zhang. Approximating the Solution to Mixed Packing and Covering LPs in Parallel O˜(epsilon^{-3}) Time. In 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 55, pp. 52:1-52:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)


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@InProceedings{mahoney_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.52,
  author =	{Mahoney, Michael W. and Rao, Satish and Wang, Di and Zhang, Peng},
  title =	{{Approximating the Solution to Mixed Packing and Covering LPs in Parallel O˜(epsilon^\{-3\}) Time}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)},
  pages =	{52:1--52:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-013-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{55},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Mitzenmacher, Michael and Rabani, Yuval and Sangiorgi, Davide},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.52},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-63335},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.52},
  annote =	{Keywords: Mixed packing and covering, Linear program, Approximation algorithm, Parallel algorithm}
}
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