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Ham Sandwich is Equivalent to Borsuk-Ulam

Authors: Karthik C. S. and Arpan Saha

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 77, 33rd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2017)


Abstract
The Borsuk-Ulam theorem is a fundamental result in algebraic topology, with applications to various areas of Mathematics. A classical application of the Borsuk-Ulam theorem is the Ham Sandwich theorem: The volumes of any n compact sets in R^n can always be simultaneously bisected by an (n-1)-dimensional hyperplane. In this paper, we demonstrate the equivalence between the Borsuk-Ulam theorem and the Ham Sandwich theorem. The main technical result we show towards establishing the equivalence is the following: For every odd polynomial restricted to the hypersphere f:S^n->R, there exists a compact set A in R^{n+1}, such that for every x in S^n we have f(x)=vol(A cap H^+) - vol(A cap H^-), where H is the oriented hyperplane containing the origin with x as the normal. A noteworthy aspect of the proof of the above result is the use of hyperspherical harmonics. Finally, using the above result we prove that there exist constants n_0, epsilon_0>0 such that for every n>= n_0 and epsilon <= epsilon_0/sqrt{48n}, any query algorithm to find an epsilon-bisecting (n-1)-dimensional hyperplane of n compact set in [-n^4.51,n^4.51]^n, even with success probability 2^-Omega(n), requires 2^Omega(n) queries.

Cite as

Karthik C. S. and Arpan Saha. Ham Sandwich is Equivalent to Borsuk-Ulam. In 33rd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 77, pp. 24:1-24:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)


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@InProceedings{c.s._et_al:LIPIcs.SoCG.2017.24,
  author =	{C. S., Karthik and Saha, Arpan},
  title =	{{Ham Sandwich is Equivalent to Borsuk-Ulam}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2017)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-038-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{77},
  editor =	{Aronov, Boris and Katz, Matthew J.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2017.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-72325},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2017.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: Ham Sandwich theorem, Borsuk-Ulam theorem, Query Complexity, Hyperspherical Harmonics}
}
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