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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2020.8
Space-Efficient Gradual Typing in Coercion-Passing Style

Authors: Yuya Tsuda, Atsushi Igarashi, and Tomoya Tabuchi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 166, 34th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2020)

Abstract
Herman et al. pointed out that the insertion of run-time checks into a gradually typed program could hamper tail-call optimization and, as a result, worsen the space complexity of the program. To address the problem, they proposed a space-efficient coercion calculus, which was subsequently improved by Siek et al. The semantics of these calculi involves eager composition of run-time checks expressed by coercions to prevent the size of a term from growing. However, it relies also on a nonstandard reduction rule, which does not seem easy to implement. In fact, no compiler implementation of gradually typed languages fully supports the space-efficient semantics faithfully. In this paper, we study coercion-passing style, which Herman et al. have already mentioned, as a technique for straightforward space-efficient implementation of gradually typed languages. A program in coercion-passing style passes "the rest of the run-time checks" around - just like continuation-passing style (CPS), in which "the rest of the computation" is passed around - and (unlike CPS) composes coercions eagerly. We give a formal coercion-passing translation from λS by Siek et al. to λS₁, which is a new calculus of first-class coercions tailored for coercion-passing style, and prove correctness of the translation. We also implement our coercion-passing style transformation for the Grift compiler developed by Kuhlenschmidt et al. An experimental result shows stack overflow can be prevented properly at the cost of up to 3 times slower execution for most partially typed practical programs.
Cite as

Yuya Tsuda, Atsushi Igarashi, and Tomoya Tabuchi. Space-Efficient Gradual Typing in Coercion-Passing Style. In 34th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 166, pp. 8:1-8:29, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{tsuda_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2020.8,
  author =	{Tsuda, Yuya and Igarashi, Atsushi and Tabuchi, Tomoya},
  title =	{{Space-Efficient Gradual Typing in Coercion-Passing Style}},
  booktitle =	{34th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2020)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:29},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-154-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{166},
  editor =	{Hirschfeld, Robert and Pape, Tobias},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2020.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-131658},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2020.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Gradual typing, coercion calculus, coercion-passing style, dynamic type checking, tail-call optimization}
}
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