Camera Networks Dimensioning and Scheduling with Quasi Worst-Case Transmission Time

Authors Viktor Edpalm, Alexandre Martins, Karl-Erik Årzén, Martina Maggio



PDF
Thumbnail PDF

File

LIPIcs.ECRTS.2018.17.pdf
  • Filesize: 16.61 MB
  • 22 pages

Document Identifiers

Author Details

Viktor Edpalm
  • Axis Communications, Lund, Sweden
Alexandre Martins
  • Axis Communications and Department of Automatic Control, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Karl-Erik Årzén
  • Department of Automatic Control, Lund University, Sweden
Martina Maggio
  • Department of Automatic Control, Lund University, Sweden

Cite AsGet BibTex

Viktor Edpalm, Alexandre Martins, Karl-Erik Årzén, and Martina Maggio. Camera Networks Dimensioning and Scheduling with Quasi Worst-Case Transmission Time. In 30th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 106, pp. 17:1-17:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2018.17

Abstract

This paper describes a method to compute frame size estimates to be used in quasi Worst-Case Transmission Times (qWCTT) for cameras that transmit frames over IP-based communication networks. The precise determination of qWCTT allows us to model the network access scheduling problem as a multiframe problem and to re-use theoretical results for network scheduling. The paper presents a set of experiments, conducted in an industrial testbed, that validate the qWCTT estimation. We believe that a more precise estimation will lead to savings for network infrastructure and to better network utilization.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Computer systems organization → Embedded systems
  • Computer systems organization → Real-time systems
  • Networks → Network components
Keywords
  • worst-case transmission time
  • H.264
  • bandwidth estimation
  • video compression
  • network access scheduling
  • multiframe model
  • camera network

Metrics

  • Access Statistics
  • Total Accesses (updated on a weekly basis)
    0
    PDF Downloads

References

  1. Luís Almeida, Paulo Pedreiras, Joaquim Ferreira, Mário Calha, José Alberto Fonseca, Ricardo Marau, Valter Silva, and Ernesto Martins. Online QoS adaptation with the flexible time-triggered (FTT) communication paradigm. In Handbook of Real-Time and Embedded Systems, 2007. Google Scholar
  2. Björn Andersson. Schedulability analysis of generalized multiframe traffic on multihop-networks comprising software-implemented ethernet-switches. In IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, pages 1-8, April 2008. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IPDPS.2008.4536565.
  3. Björn Andersson, Sagar Chaki, Dionisio de Niz, Brian Dougherty, Russel Kegley, and Jules White. Non-preemptive scheduling with history-dependent execution time. In 24th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, pages 363-372, July 2012. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ECRTS.2012.38.
  4. Sanjoy Baruah, Deji Chen, Sergey Gorinsky, and Aloysius Mok. Generalized multiframe tasks. Real-Time Systems, 17(1):5-22, 1999. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008030427220.
  5. Sanjoy Baruah, Deji Chen, and Aloysius Mok. Static-priority scheduling of multiframe tasks. In Real-Time Systems, 1999. Proceedings of the 11th Euromicro Conference on, pages 38-45, 1999. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EMRTS.1999.777448.
  6. Sanjoy K. Baruah and Samarjit Chakraborty. Schedulability analysis of non-preemptive recurring real-time tasks. In Proceedings 20th IEEE International Parallel Distributed Processing Symposium, 2006. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IPDPS.2006.1639406.
  7. Samarjit Chakraborty and Lothar Thiele. A new task model for streaming applications and its schedulability analysis. In Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 1, DATE '05, pages 486-491, Washington, DC, USA, 2005. IEEE Computer Society. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/DATE.2005.26.
  8. Wei Ding and Bede Liu. Rate control of mpeg video coding and recording by rate-quantization modeling. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 6(1):12-20, 1996. Google Scholar
  9. Pontus Ekberg, Nan Guan, Martin Stigge, and Wang Yi. An optimal resource sharing protocol for generalized multiframe tasks. Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming, 84(1):92-105, 2015. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlamp.2014.10.001.
  10. Ching-Chih Jason Han. A better polynomial-time schedulability test for real-time multiframe tasks. In Proceedings 19th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pages 104-113, Dec 1998. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/REAL.1998.739735.
  11. ITU-T. Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services. https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.264-201704-I/en, 2017.
  12. Anand Kotra and Gerhard Fohler. Resource aware real-time stream adaptation for mpeg-2 transport streams in constrained bandwidth networks. In IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pages 729-730, July 2010. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICME.2010.5583196.
  13. Anand Kotra and Gerhard Fohler. Resource aware real-time stream adaptation of mpeg-4 video in constrained bandwidth networks. In Visual Communications and Image Processing, pages 1-4, Nov 2011. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VCIP.2011.6116008.
  14. Shuai Li, Stephane Rubini, Frank Singhoff, and Michel Bourdelles. A task model for tdma communications. In Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES 2014), pages 1-4, June 2014. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2014.7087455.
  15. Wan-Chen Lu, Kwei-Jay Lin, Hsin-Wen Wei, and Wei-Kuan Shih. New schedulability conditions for real-time multiframe tasks. In 19th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS'07), pages 39-50, July 2007. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ECRTS.2007.20.
  16. Aloysius K. Mok and Deji Chen. A multiframe model for real-time tasks. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 23(10):635-645, Oct 1997. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/32.637146.
  17. Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG &ITU-T VCEG. "Draft ITU-T recommendation and final draft international standard of joint video specification (ITU-T Rec. H.264/ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC)", 2003. Google Scholar
  18. Paulo Pedreiras and Luís Almeida. The flexible time-triggered (FTT) paradigm: an approach to QoS management in distributed real-time systems. In International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, 2003. Google Scholar
  19. Bo Peng and Nathan Fisher. Parameter adaption for generalized multiframe tasks and applications to self-suspending tasks. In 2016 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, pages 49-58, Aug 2016. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/RTCSA.2016.15.
  20. Naomi Ramos, Debashis Panigrahi, and Sujit Dey. Dynamic adaptation policies to improve quality of service of real-time multimedia applications in IEEE 802.11e WLAN networks. Wireless Networks, 13(4):511-535, 2007. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-006-9203-5.
  21. Bernhard Rinner and Wayne Wolf. An introduction to distributed smart cameras. Proceedings of the IEEE, 96(10), 2008. Google Scholar
  22. Gautham Nayak Seetanadi, Javier Cámara, Luís Almeida, Karl-Erik Årzén, and Martina Maggio. Event-driven bandwidth allocation with formal guarantees for camera networks. In IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, 2017. Google Scholar
  23. Gautham Nayak Seetanadi, Luis Oliveira, Luis Almeida, Karl-Erik Arzen, and Martina Maggio. Game-theoretic network bandwidth distribution for self-adaptive cameras. In 15th International Workshop on Real-Time Networks, 2017. Google Scholar
  24. Martin Stigge, Pontus Ekberg, Nan Guan, and Wang Yi. The digraph real-time task model. In Proceedings of the 2011 17th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, RTAS '11, pages 71-80, Washington, DC, USA, 2011. IEEE Computer Society. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/RTAS.2011.15.
  25. Linpeng Tang, Qi Huang, Amit Puntambekar, Ymir Vigfusson, Wyatt Lloyd, and Kai Li. Popularity prediction of facebook videos for higher quality streaming. In USENIX Annual Technical Conference, USENIX ATC, 2017. Google Scholar
  26. Laszlo Toka, András Lajtha, Éva Hosszu, Bence Formanek, Dániel Géhberger, and János Tapolcai. A Resource-Aware and Time-Critical IoT framework. In IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, 2017. Google Scholar
  27. Bobby Vandalore, Wu-Chi Feng, Raj Jain, and Sonia Fahmy. A survey of application layer techniques for adaptive streaming of multimedia. Real-Time Imaging, 7(3), 2001. Google Scholar
  28. Vilas Veeraraghavan and Steven Weber. Fundamental tradeoffs in distributed algorithms for rate adaptive multimedia streams. Computer Networks, 52(6), 2008. Google Scholar
  29. Xiaorui Wang, Ming Chen, Huang-Ming Huang, Venkita Subramonian, Chenyang Lu, and Christopher D. Gill. Control-based adaptive middleware for real-time image transmission over bandwidth-constrained networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 19(6), 2008. Google Scholar
  30. Thomas Wiegand, Gary J. Sullivan, Gisle Bjontegaard, and Ajay Luthra. Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 13(7):560-576, jul 2003. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2003.815165.
  31. Haibo Zeng and Marco Di Natale. Outstanding paper award: Using max-plus algebra to improve the analysis of non-cyclic task models. In 2013 25th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, pages 205-214, July 2013. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ECRTS.2013.30.
  32. Areej Zuhily and Alan Burns. Exact scheduling analysis of non-accumulatively monotonic multiframe tasks. Real-Time Systems, 43(2):119-146, 2009. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11241-009-9085-6.
Questions / Remarks / Feedback
X

Feedback for Dagstuhl Publishing


Thanks for your feedback!

Feedback submitted

Could not send message

Please try again later or send an E-mail