Efficient Minimization of DFAs with Partial Transition

Let PT-DFA mean a deterministic finite automaton whose transition relation is a partial function. We present an algorithm for minimizing a PT-DFA in $O(m lg n)$ time and $O(m+n+alpha)$ memory, where $n$ is the number of states, $m$ is the number of defined transitions, and $alpha$ is the size of the alphabet. Time consumption does not depend on $alpha$, because the $alpha$ term arises from an array that is accessed at random and never initialized. It is not needed, if transitions are in a suitable order in the input. The algorithm uses two instances of an array-based data structure for maintaining a refinable partition. Its operations are all amortized constant time. One instance represents the classical blocks and the other a partition of transitions. Our measurements demonstrate the speed advantage of our algorithm on PT-DFAs over an $O(alpha n lg n)$ time, $O(alpha n)$ memory algorithm.