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Documents authored by Attard, Duncan Paul

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.4
Monitorability for the Modal Mu-Calculus over Systems with Data: From Practice to Theory

Authors: Luca Aceto, Antonis Achilleos, Duncan Paul Attard, Léo Exibard, Adrian Francalanza, Anna Ingólfsdóttir, and Karoliina Lehtinen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 348, 36th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2025)

Abstract
Runtime verification consists in checking whether a system satisfies a given specification by observing the execution trace it produces. In the regular setting, the modal μ-calculus provides a versatile formalism for expressing specifications of the control flow of the system. This paper focuses on the data flow and studies an extension of that logic that allows it to express data-dependent properties, identifying fragments that can be verified at runtime and with what correctness guarantees. The logic studied here is closely related with register automata with guessing. That correspondence yields a monitor synthesis algorithm, and a strict hierarchy among the various fragments of the logic, in contrast to the regular setting. We then exhibit a fragment of the logic that can express all monitorable formulae in the logic without greatest fixed-points but not in the full logic, and show this is the best we can get.
Cite as

Luca Aceto, Antonis Achilleos, Duncan Paul Attard, Léo Exibard, Adrian Francalanza, Anna Ingólfsdóttir, and Karoliina Lehtinen. Monitorability for the Modal Mu-Calculus over Systems with Data: From Practice to Theory. In 36th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 348, pp. 4:1-4:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{aceto_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.4,
  author =	{Aceto, Luca and Achilleos, Antonis and Attard, Duncan Paul and Exibard, L\'{e}o and Francalanza, Adrian and Ing\'{o}lfsd\'{o}ttir, Anna and Lehtinen, Karoliina},
  title =	{{Monitorability for the Modal Mu-Calculus over Systems with Data: From Practice to Theory}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2025)},
  pages =	{4:1--4:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-389-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{348},
  editor =	{Bouyer, Patricia and van de Pol, Jaco},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.4},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-239546},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2025.4},
  annote =	{Keywords: Runtime verification, monitorability, \muHML with data, register automata}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.2
Runtime Instrumentation for Reactive Components

Authors: Luca Aceto, Duncan Paul Attard, Adrian Francalanza, and Anna Ingólfsdóttir

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 313, 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)

Abstract
Reactive software calls for instrumentation methods that uphold the reactive attributes of systems. Runtime verification imposes another demand on the instrumentation, namely that the trace event sequences it reports to monitors are sound - that is, they reflect actual executions of the system under scrutiny. This paper presents RIARC, a novel decentralised instrumentation algorithm for outline monitors meeting these two demands. Asynchrony in reactive software complicates the instrumentation due to potential trace event loss or reordering. RIARC overcomes these challenges using a next-hop IP routing approach to rearrange and report events soundly to monitors. RIARC is validated in two ways. We subject its corresponding implementation to rigorous systematic testing to confirm its correctness. In addition, we assess this implementation via extensive empirical experiments, subjecting it to large realistic workloads to ascertain its reactiveness. Our results show that RIARC optimises its memory and scheduler usage to maintain latency feasible for soft real-time applications. We also compare RIARC to inline and centralised monitoring, revealing that it induces comparable latency to inline monitoring in moderate concurrency settings where software performs long-running, computationally-intensive tasks, such as in Big Data stream processing.
Cite as

Luca Aceto, Duncan Paul Attard, Adrian Francalanza, and Anna Ingólfsdóttir. Runtime Instrumentation for Reactive Components. In 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 313, pp. 2:1-2:33, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{aceto_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.2,
  author =	{Aceto, Luca and Attard, Duncan Paul and Francalanza, Adrian and Ing\'{o}lfsd\'{o}ttir, Anna},
  title =	{{Runtime Instrumentation for Reactive Components}},
  booktitle =	{38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:33},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-341-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{313},
  editor =	{Aldrich, Jonathan and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208511},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2024.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Runtime instrumentation, decentralised monitoring, reactive systems}
}
Document
Artifact
DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.10.2.1
Runtime Instrumentation for Reactive Components (Artifact)

Authors: Luca Aceto, Duncan Paul Attard, Adrian Francalanza, and Anna Ingólfsdóttir

Published in: DARTS, Volume 10, Issue 2, Special Issue of the 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024)

Abstract
Reactive software calls for instrumentation methods that uphold the reactive attributes of systems. Runtime verification sets another demand on the instrumentation, namely that the trace event sequences it reports to monitors are sound, i.e., they reflect actual executions of the system under scrutiny. Our companion paper, "Runtime Instrumentation for Reactive Components", presents RIARC, a novel decentralised instrumentation algorithm for outline monitors that meets these two demands. RIARC uses a next-hop IP routing approach to rearrange and report events soundly to monitors despite the potential trace event loss or reordering stemming from the asynchrony of reactive systems. The companion paper shows our corresponding RIARC Erlang implementation to be correct through rigorous systematic testing. We also assess RIARC via extensive empirical experiments, subjecting it to large realistic workloads in order to ascertain its reactiveness. This artefact packages the Erlang implementation, systematic tests that demonstrate its correctness, data sets obtained from our original empirical experiments detailed in the companion paper, and the scripts to rerun and replicate these results under lower workloads.
Cite as

Luca Aceto, Duncan Paul Attard, Adrian Francalanza, and Anna Ingólfsdóttir. Runtime Instrumentation for Reactive Components (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 38th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2024). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 10, Issue 2, pp. 1:1-1:4, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{aceto_et_al:DARTS.10.2.1,
  author =	{Aceto, Luca and Attard, Duncan Paul and Francalanza, Adrian and Ing\'{o}lfsd\'{o}ttir, Anna},
  title =	{{Runtime Instrumentation for Reactive Components (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{1:1--1:4},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-342-3},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{10},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Aceto, Luca and Attard, Duncan Paul and Francalanza, Adrian and Ing\'{o}lfsd\'{o}ttir, Anna},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.10.2.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208991},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.10.2.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Runtime instrumentation, decentralised monitoring, reactive systems}
}
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