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Revisiting Timing Anomalies in Predictable In-Order Pipelines

Authors: Lilia Rouizi, Mihail Asavoae, Benjamin Binder, Lionel Rieg, and Florian Brandner

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 335, 37th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2025)


Abstract
The quality of timing guarantees ensured through worst-case-execution time analysis and schedulability tests - required to be both sound and precise - is directly influenced by the predictability properties of the execution platform. A platform is considered predictable when safe and precise bounds can be computed through analysis tools. Counter-intuitive and Amplification Timing Anomalies (TAs) are detrimental to predictability and thus may make it much harder/impossible to compute such bounds. In order to address this issue, research has followed two orthogonal approaches, (i) designing predictable execution platforms and (ii) characterizing counter-intuitive TAs through formal definitions. However, predictable designs rarely apply any formal definitions of timing anomalies. This paper aims at investigating precisely this relationship. We first show how a previously proposed definition of counter-intuitive TAs can be applied to the predictable in-order processor SIC. We then extend this approach in order to provide the first formal definition of both counter-intuitive and amplification effects. The proposed definitions are then evaluated on a regular in-order processor as well as the predictable SIC core using a systematic approach that allows to assess their applicability and relevance. Finally, we prove, for the first time, the absence of some, but not all, TA effects in SIC.

Cite as

Lilia Rouizi, Mihail Asavoae, Benjamin Binder, Lionel Rieg, and Florian Brandner. Revisiting Timing Anomalies in Predictable In-Order Pipelines. In 37th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 335, pp. 19:1-19:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)


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@InProceedings{rouizi_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2025.19,
  author =	{Rouizi, Lilia and Asavoae, Mihail and Binder, Benjamin and Rieg, Lionel and Brandner, Florian},
  title =	{{Revisiting Timing Anomalies in Predictable In-Order Pipelines}},
  booktitle =	{37th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2025)},
  pages =	{19:1--19:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-377-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{335},
  editor =	{Mancuso, Renato},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2025.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-235974},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2025.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: Timing Anomalies, Causality, Timing Predictability, Timing Analysis}
}
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