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Documents authored by Gu, Tao

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.17
A Categorical Approach to DIBI Models

Authors: Tao Gu, Jialu Bao, Justin Hsu, Alexandra Silva, and Fabio Zanasi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract
The logic of Dependence and Independence Bunched Implications (DIBI) is a logic to reason about conditional independence (CI); for instance, DIBI formulas can characterise CI in discrete probability distributions and in relational databases, using a probabilistic DIBI model and a similarly-constructed relational model. Despite the similarity of the two models, there lacks a uniform account. As a result, the laborious case-by-case verification of the frame conditions required for constructing new models hinders them from generalising the results to CI in other useful models such that continuous distribution. In this paper, we develop an abstract framework for systematically constructing DIBI models, using category theory as the unifying mathematical language. We show that DIBI models arise from arbitrary symmetric monoidal categories with copy-discard structure. In particular, we use string diagrams - a graphical presentation of monoidal categories - to give a uniform definition of the parallel composition and subkernel relation in DIBI models. Our approach not only generalises known models, but also yields new models of interest and reduces properties of DIBI models to structures in the underlying categories. Furthermore, our categorical framework enables a comparison between string diagrammatic approaches to CI in the literature and a logical notion of CI, defined in terms of the satisfaction of specific DIBI formulas. We show that the logical notion is an extension of string diagrammatic CI under reasonable conditions.
Cite as

Tao Gu, Jialu Bao, Justin Hsu, Alexandra Silva, and Fabio Zanasi. A Categorical Approach to DIBI Models. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 17:1-17:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{gu_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.17,
  author =	{Gu, Tao and Bao, Jialu and Hsu, Justin and Silva, Alexandra and Zanasi, Fabio},
  title =	{{A Categorical Approach to DIBI Models}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203469},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: Conditional Independence, Dependence Independence Bunched Implications, String Diagrams, Markov Categories}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2021.17
Functorial Semantics as a Unifying Perspective on Logic Programming

Authors: Tao Gu and Fabio Zanasi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 211, 9th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2021)

Abstract
Logic programming and its variations are widely used for formal reasoning in various areas of Computer Science, most notably Artificial Intelligence. In this paper we develop a systematic and unifying perspective for (ground) classical, probabilistic, weighted logic programs, based on categorical algebra. Our departure point is a formal distinction between the syntax and the semantics of programs, now regarded as separate categories. Then, we are able to characterise the various variants of logic program as different models for the same syntax category, i.e. structure-preserving functors in the spirit of Lawvere’s functorial semantics. As a first consequence of our approach, we showcase a series of semantic constructs for logic programming pictorially as certain string diagrams in the syntax category. Secondly, we describe the correspondence between probabilistic logic programs and Bayesian networks in terms of the associated models. Our analysis reveals that the correspondence can be phrased in purely syntactical terms, without resorting to the probabilistic domain of interpretation.
Cite as

Tao Gu and Fabio Zanasi. Functorial Semantics as a Unifying Perspective on Logic Programming. In 9th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 211, pp. 17:1-17:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{gu_et_al:LIPIcs.CALCO.2021.17,
  author =	{Gu, Tao and Zanasi, Fabio},
  title =	{{Functorial Semantics as a Unifying Perspective on Logic Programming}},
  booktitle =	{9th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2021)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-212-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{211},
  editor =	{Gadducci, Fabio and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2021.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-153723},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2021.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: string diagrams, functorial semantics, logic programming}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2019.10
A Coalgebraic Perspective on Probabilistic Logic Programming

Authors: Tao Gu and Fabio Zanasi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 139, 8th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2019)

Abstract
Probabilistic logic programming is increasingly important in artificial intelligence and related fields as a formalism to reason about uncertainty. It generalises logic programming with the possibility of annotating clauses with probabilities. This paper proposes a coalgebraic perspective on probabilistic logic programming. Programs are modelled as coalgebras for a certain functor F, and two semantics are given in terms of cofree coalgebras. First, the cofree F-coalgebra yields a semantics in terms of derivation trees. Second, by embedding F into another type G, as cofree G-coalgebra we obtain a "possible worlds" interpretation of programs, from which one may recover the usual distribution semantics of probabilistic logic programming.
Cite as

Tao Gu and Fabio Zanasi. A Coalgebraic Perspective on Probabilistic Logic Programming. In 8th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 139, pp. 10:1-10:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{gu_et_al:LIPIcs.CALCO.2019.10,
  author =	{Gu, Tao and Zanasi, Fabio},
  title =	{{A Coalgebraic Perspective on Probabilistic Logic Programming}},
  booktitle =	{8th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2019)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-120-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{139},
  editor =	{Roggenbach, Markus and Sokolova, Ana},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2019.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-114387},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2019.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: probabilistic logic programming, coalgebraic semantics, distribution semantics}
}
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