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Grammarware engineering, and grammar-dependent software development has received considerable attention in recent years. Despite of this fact, grammar refactoring as a significant cornerstone of grammarware engineering is still weakly understood and little practiced. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing universal algorithm for automated refactoring of context-free grammars called mARTINICA, and formal specification language for preserving knowledge of grammar engineers called pLERO. Significant advantage of mARTINICA with respect to other automated refactoring approaches is that it performs grammar refactoring on the bases of user-defined refactoring task, rather then operating under some fixed objective of refactoring process. In order to be able to understand unified refactoring process of mARTINICA this paper also provides brief insight in grammar refactoring operators, which in our approach provide universal refactoring transformations for specific context-free grammars. For preserving of knowledge considering refactoring process we propose formalism based on patterns which are well-proven method of knowledge preservation in variety of other domains, such as software architectures.