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Documents authored by Wybrow, Michael

Artifact
Dataset
DOI: 10.4230/artifacts.25065
GD-collection-v1

Authors: Gavin J. Mooney, Tim Hegemann, Alexander Wolff, Michael Wybrow, and Helen C. Purchase

Abstract
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Gavin J. Mooney, Tim Hegemann, Alexander Wolff, Michael Wybrow, Helen C. Purchase. GD-collection-v1 (Dataset). Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@misc{dagstuhl-artifact-25065,
   title = {{GD-collection-v1}}, 
   author = {Mooney, Gavin J. and Hegemann, Tim and Wolff, Alexander and Wybrow, Michael and Purchase, Helen C.},
   note = {Dataset, swhId: \href{https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:478a27dd277dc5818bdf699d2a5bc222a010533b;origin=https://github.com/hegetim/gd-collection;visit=swh:1:snp:47572e3d1828ed35295469a20640d95523046494;anchor=swh:1:rev:d1135373ff9168ee932f61eee73dda6309e23c46}{\texttt{swh:1:dir:478a27dd277dc5818bdf699d2a5bc222a010533b}} (visited on 2025-11-26)},
   url = {https://github.com/hegetim/gd-collection},
   doi = {10.4230/artifacts.25065},
}
Artifact
Software
DOI: 10.4230/artifacts.25066
GEG Encodes Graphs

Authors: Gavin J. Mooney, Tim Hegemann, Alexander Wolff, Michael Wybrow, and Helen C. Purchase

Abstract
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Gavin J. Mooney, Tim Hegemann, Alexander Wolff, Michael Wybrow, Helen C. Purchase. GEG Encodes Graphs (Software, Source Code). Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@misc{dagstuhl-artifact-25066,
   title = {{GEG Encodes Graphs}}, 
   author = {Mooney, Gavin J. and Hegemann, Tim and Wolff, Alexander and Wybrow, Michael and Purchase, Helen C.},
   note = {Software, swhId: \href{https://archive.softwareheritage.org/swh:1:dir:91f45ae7976a74b00a0bf86145b52dd78838fb29;origin=https://github.com/gavjmooney/geg;visit=swh:1:snp:466de3fc98d200d2aff60e99c9adaf669e207c17;anchor=swh:1:rev:2bb5506b887564f9e233ed6c60ad641ae740e5a8}{\texttt{swh:1:dir:91f45ae7976a74b00a0bf86145b52dd78838fb29}} (visited on 2025-11-26)},
   url = {https://github.com/gavjmooney/geg},
   doi = {10.4230/artifacts.25066},
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.30
Universal Quality Metrics for Graph Drawings: Which Graphs Excite Us Most?

Authors: Gavin J. Mooney, Tim Hegemann, Alexander Wolff, Michael Wybrow, and Helen C. Purchase

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 357, 33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025)

Abstract
Graphs are drawn for various purposes, and drawings are meant to display various features of a graph (such as planarity, Hamiltonicity). Still, there is a long history in measuring the quality of a graph drawing. Most of the metrics that have been implemented and used in large studies assume that graphs are drawn straight-line. Most of the studies use randomly generated graphs or one of very few existing benchmark sets that consist of graphs with a specific technical background (e.g., telecommunication networks). In this paper, we extend ten commonly used metrics to node-link diagrams where edges can be curves or polygonal chains. We implement these measures and use them to evaluate a new collection of graph drawings that we have extracted from 27 proceedings of the Graph Drawing conference using an automated pipeline. We compare the "metrics landscape" of our new benchmark set, the GD-collection-v1, which seems to mostly contain manually drawn graphs, to the metric landscape of a benchmark set with randomly generated graphs and computer-generated straight-line drawings that has been used in a recent study [Mooney et al.; PacificVis 2024]. Comparing the GD-collection-v1 with the Mooney at al. dataset reveals a distinct metrics landscape: GD drawings come from much smaller graphs (median vertex number 11 vs. 48) and therefore attain higher medians on most readability metrics. For example, Neighbourhood Preservation (0.5 vs. 0.239) is markedly higher in the GD-collection-v1. We also find that a large proportion of extracted drawings contain curved and/or polygonal edges (57%), motivating the extended metric definitions.
Cite as

Gavin J. Mooney, Tim Hegemann, Alexander Wolff, Michael Wybrow, and Helen C. Purchase. Universal Quality Metrics for Graph Drawings: Which Graphs Excite Us Most?. In 33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 357, pp. 30:1-30:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{mooney_et_al:LIPIcs.GD.2025.30,
  author =	{Mooney, Gavin J. and Hegemann, Tim and Wolff, Alexander and Wybrow, Michael and Purchase, Helen C.},
  title =	{{Universal Quality Metrics for Graph Drawings: Which Graphs Excite Us Most?}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025)},
  pages =	{30:1--30:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-403-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{357},
  editor =	{Dujmovi\'{c}, Vida and Montecchiani, Fabrizio},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.30},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-250162},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.30},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph drawing metrics, metric landscape, straight-line drawings, polyline drawings, curved drawings, automated extraction of graph drawings}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.38
Stress in Graph Drawings: Perception, Preference, and Performance

Authors: Gavin J. Mooney, Jacob Miller, Michael Wybrow, Stephen Kobourov, and Helen C. Purchase

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 357, 33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025)

Abstract
Stress in a graph drawing has been a popular layout principle for more than two decades. Low stress drawings exhibit the property that the geometric distances between all pairs of nodes correlate with the shortest paths between them. The assumption has always been that low stress drawings are "nicer" and better support human perception and comprehension than high stress drawings. In this paper, we put these assumptions to the test. We use a normalised scale-independent and rotation-independent metric for stress; this is necessary to ensure strict controls on our experimental stimuli. We report on three experiments, exploring human perception of stress, preference for stress, and the effect of stress on a graph performance task. We conclude that people can see stress in a graph drawing, that they prefer low stress drawings, and that their performance in a shortest path task improves as stress decreases - thus empirically confirming long-standing assumptions.
Cite as

Gavin J. Mooney, Jacob Miller, Michael Wybrow, Stephen Kobourov, and Helen C. Purchase. Stress in Graph Drawings: Perception, Preference, and Performance. In 33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 357, pp. 38:1-38:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2025)

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@InProceedings{mooney_et_al:LIPIcs.GD.2025.38,
  author =	{Mooney, Gavin J. and Miller, Jacob and Wybrow, Michael and Kobourov, Stephen and Purchase, Helen C.},
  title =	{{Stress in Graph Drawings: Perception, Preference, and Performance}},
  booktitle =	{33rd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2025)},
  pages =	{38:1--38:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-403-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2025},
  volume =	{357},
  editor =	{Dujmovi\'{c}, Vida and Montecchiani, Fabrizio},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.38},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-250240},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2025.38},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph Drawing, Graph Drawing Metrics, Stress, Visual Perception, User Study}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2024.21
The Perception of Stress in Graph Drawings

Authors: Gavin J. Mooney, Helen C. Purchase, Michael Wybrow, Stephen G. Kobourov, and Jacob Miller

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 320, 32nd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2024)

Abstract
Most of the common graph layout principles (a.k.a. "aesthetics") on which many graph drawing algorithms are based are easy to define and to perceive. For example, the number of pairs of edges that cross each other, how symmetric a drawing looks, the aspect ratio of the bounding box, or the angular resolution at the nodes. The extent to which a graph drawing conforms to these principles can be determined by looking at how it is drawn - that is, by looking at the marks on the page - without consideration for the underlying structure of the graph. A key layout principle is that of optimising "stress", the basis for many algorithms such as the popular Kamada & Kawai algorithm and several force-directed algorithms. The stress of a graph drawing is, loosely speaking, the extent to which the geometric distance between each pair of nodes is proportional to the shortest path between them - over the whole graph drawing. The definition of stress therefore relies on the underlying structure of the graph (the "paths") in a way that other layout principles do not, making stress difficult to describe to novices unfamiliar with graph drawing principles, and, we believe, difficult to perceive. We conducted an experiment to see whether people (novices as well as experts) can see stress in graph drawings, and found that it is possible to train novices to "see" stress - even if their perception strategies are not based on the definitional concepts.
Cite as

Gavin J. Mooney, Helen C. Purchase, Michael Wybrow, Stephen G. Kobourov, and Jacob Miller. The Perception of Stress in Graph Drawings. In 32nd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 320, pp. 21:1-21:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{mooney_et_al:LIPIcs.GD.2024.21,
  author =	{Mooney, Gavin J. and Purchase, Helen C. and Wybrow, Michael and Kobourov, Stephen G. and Miller, Jacob},
  title =	{{The Perception of Stress in Graph Drawings}},
  booktitle =	{32nd International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2024)},
  pages =	{21:1--21:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-343-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{320},
  editor =	{Felsner, Stefan and Klein, Karsten},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2024.21},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-213051},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.GD.2024.21},
  annote =	{Keywords: Stress, Graph Drawing, Visual Perception}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2023.21
Exploring Hydrogen Supply/Demand Networks: Modeller and Domain Expert Views

Authors: Matthias Klapperstueck, Frits de Nijs, Ilankaikone Senthooran, Jack Lee-Kopij, Maria Garcia de la Banda, and Michael Wybrow

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 280, 29th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2023)

Abstract
Energy companies are considering producing renewable fuels such as hydrogen/ammonia. Setting up a production network means deciding where to build production plants, and how to operate them at minimum electricity and transport costs. These decisions are complicated by many factors including the difficulty in obtaining accurate current data (e.g., electricity price and transport costs) for potential supply locations, the accuracy of data predictions (e.g., for demand and costs), and the need for some decisions to be made due to external (not modelled) factors. Thus, decision-makers need access to a user-centric decision system that helps them visualise, explore, interact and compare the many possible solutions of many different scenarios. This paper describes the system we have built to support our energy partner in making such decisions, and shows the advantages of having a graphical user-focused interactive tool, and of using a high-level constraint modelling language (MiniZinc) to implement the underlying model.
Cite as

Matthias Klapperstueck, Frits de Nijs, Ilankaikone Senthooran, Jack Lee-Kopij, Maria Garcia de la Banda, and Michael Wybrow. Exploring Hydrogen Supply/Demand Networks: Modeller and Domain Expert Views. In 29th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 280, pp. 21:1-21:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{klapperstueck_et_al:LIPIcs.CP.2023.21,
  author =	{Klapperstueck, Matthias and de Nijs, Frits and Senthooran, Ilankaikone and Lee-Kopij, Jack and Garcia de la Banda, Maria and Wybrow, Michael},
  title =	{{Exploring Hydrogen Supply/Demand Networks: Modeller and Domain Expert Views}},
  booktitle =	{29th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2023)},
  pages =	{21:1--21:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-300-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{280},
  editor =	{Yap, Roland H. C.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2023.21},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-190584},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2023.21},
  annote =	{Keywords: Facility Location, Hydrogen Supply Chain, Human-Centric Optimisation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2021.49
Human-Centred Feasibility Restoration

Authors: Ilankaikone Senthooran, Matthias Klapperstueck, Gleb Belov, Tobias Czauderna, Kevin Leo, Mark Wallace, Michael Wybrow, and Maria Garcia de la Banda

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 210, 27th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2021)

Abstract
Decision systems for solving real-world combinatorial problems must be able to report infeasibility in such a way that users can understand the reasons behind it, and understand how to modify the problem to restore feasibility. Current methods mainly focus on reporting one or more subsets of the problem constraints that cause infeasibility. Methods that also show users how to restore feasibility tend to be less flexible and/or problem-dependent. We describe a problem-independent approach to feasibility restoration that combines existing techniques from the literature in novel ways to yield meaningful, useful, practical and flexible user support. We evaluate the resulting framework on two real-world applications.
Cite as

Ilankaikone Senthooran, Matthias Klapperstueck, Gleb Belov, Tobias Czauderna, Kevin Leo, Mark Wallace, Michael Wybrow, and Maria Garcia de la Banda. Human-Centred Feasibility Restoration. In 27th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 210, pp. 49:1-49:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{senthooran_et_al:LIPIcs.CP.2021.49,
  author =	{Senthooran, Ilankaikone and Klapperstueck, Matthias and Belov, Gleb and Czauderna, Tobias and Leo, Kevin and Wallace, Mark and Wybrow, Michael and de la Banda, Maria Garcia},
  title =	{{Human-Centred Feasibility Restoration}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2021)},
  pages =	{49:1--49:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-211-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{210},
  editor =	{Michel, Laurent D.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2021.49},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-153408},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CP.2021.49},
  annote =	{Keywords: Combinatorial optimisation, modelling, human-centred, conflict resolution, feasibility restoration, explainable AI, soft constraints}
}
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