22 Search Results for "Fernández-Duque, David"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.24
An Isabelle/HOL Formalization of Narrowing and Multiset Narrowing for E-Unifiability, Reachability and Infeasibility

Authors: Dohan Kim

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 309, 15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024)

Abstract
We present an Isabelle/HOL formalization of narrowing for E-unifiability, reachability, and infeasibility. Given a semi-complete rewrite system ℛ and two terms s and t, we show a formalized proof that if narrowing terminates, then it provides a decision procedure for ℛ-unifiability for s and t, where ℛ is viewed as a set of equations. Furthermore, we present multiset narrowing and its formalization for multiset reachability and reachability analysis, providing decision procedures using certain restricted conditions on multiset reachability and reachability problems. Our multiset narrowing also provides a complete method for E-unifiability problems consisting of multiple goals if E can be represented by a complete rewrite system.
Cite as

Dohan Kim. An Isabelle/HOL Formalization of Narrowing and Multiset Narrowing for E-Unifiability, Reachability and Infeasibility. In 15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 309, pp. 24:1-24:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{kim:LIPIcs.ITP.2024.24,
  author =	{Kim, Dohan},
  title =	{{An Isabelle/HOL Formalization of Narrowing and Multiset Narrowing for E-Unifiability, Reachability and Infeasibility}},
  booktitle =	{15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-337-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{309},
  editor =	{Bertot, Yves and Kutsia, Temur and Norrish, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-207525},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: Narrowing, Multiset Narrowing, Unifiability, Reachability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.38
The Functor of Points Approach to Schemes in Cubical Agda

Authors: Max Zeuner and Matthias Hutzler

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 309, 15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024)

Abstract
We present a formalization of quasi-compact and quasi-separated schemes (qcqs-schemes) in the Cubical Agda proof assistant. We follow Grothendieck’s functor of points approach, which defines schemes, the quintessential notion of modern algebraic geometry, as certain well-behaved functors from commutative rings to sets. This approach is often regarded as conceptually simpler than the standard approach of defining schemes as locally ringed spaces, but to our knowledge it has not yet been adopted in formalizations of algebraic geometry. We build upon a previous formalization of the so-called Zariski lattice associated to a commutative ring in order to define the notion of compact open subfunctor. This allows for a concise definition of qcqs-schemes, streamlining the usual presentation as e.g. given in the standard textbook of Demazure and Gabriel. It also lets us obtain a fully constructive proof that compact open subfunctors of affine schemes are qcqs-schemes.
Cite as

Max Zeuner and Matthias Hutzler. The Functor of Points Approach to Schemes in Cubical Agda. In 15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 309, pp. 38:1-38:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{zeuner_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2024.38,
  author =	{Zeuner, Max and Hutzler, Matthias},
  title =	{{The Functor of Points Approach to Schemes in Cubical Agda}},
  booktitle =	{15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024)},
  pages =	{38:1--38:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-337-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{309},
  editor =	{Bertot, Yves and Kutsia, Temur and Norrish, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.38},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-207667},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.38},
  annote =	{Keywords: Schemes, Algebraic Geometry, Category Theory, Cubical Agda, Homotopy Type Theory and Univalent Foundations, Constructive Mathematics}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.40
A PSPACE Algorithm for Almost-Sure Rabin Objectives in Multi-Environment MDPs

Authors: Marnix Suilen, Marck van der Vegt, and Sebastian Junges

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 311, 35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024)

Abstract
Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) model systems with uncertain transition dynamics. Multiple-environment MDPs (MEMDPs) extend MDPs. They intuitively reflect finite sets of MDPs that share the same state and action spaces but differ in the transition dynamics. The key objective in MEMDPs is to find a single strategy that satisfies a given objective in every associated MDP. The main result of this paper is PSPACE-completeness for almost-sure Rabin objectives in MEMDPs. This result clarifies the complexity landscape for MEMDPs and contrasts with results for the more general class of partially observable MDPs (POMDPs), where almost-sure reachability is already EXP-complete, and almost-sure Rabin objectives are undecidable.
Cite as

Marnix Suilen, Marck van der Vegt, and Sebastian Junges. A PSPACE Algorithm for Almost-Sure Rabin Objectives in Multi-Environment MDPs. In 35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 311, pp. 40:1-40:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{suilen_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.40,
  author =	{Suilen, Marnix and van der Vegt, Marck and Junges, Sebastian},
  title =	{{A PSPACE Algorithm for Almost-Sure Rabin Objectives in Multi-Environment MDPs}},
  booktitle =	{35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024)},
  pages =	{40:1--40:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-339-3},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{311},
  editor =	{Majumdar, Rupak and Silva, Alexandra},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.40},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-208120},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2024.40},
  annote =	{Keywords: Markov Decision Processes, partial observability, linear-time Objectives}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.12
Generalizing Roberts' Characterization of Unit Interval Graphs

Authors: Virginia Ardévol Martínez, Romeo Rizzi, Abdallah Saffidine, Florian Sikora, and Stéphane Vialette

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 306, 49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024)

Abstract
For any natural number d, a graph G is a (disjoint) d-interval graph if it is the intersection graph of (disjoint) d-intervals, the union of d (disjoint) intervals on the real line. Two important subclasses of d-interval graphs are unit and balanced d-interval graphs (where every interval has unit length or all the intervals associated to a same vertex have the same length, respectively). A celebrated result by Roberts gives a simple characterization of unit interval graphs being exactly claw-free interval graphs. Here, we study the generalization of this characterization for d-interval graphs. In particular, we prove that for any d ⩾ 2, if G is a K_{1,2d+1}-free interval graph, then G is a unit d-interval graph. However, somehow surprisingly, under the same assumptions, G is not always a disjoint unit d-interval graph. This implies that the class of disjoint unit d-interval graphs is strictly included in the class of unit d-interval graphs. Finally, we study the relationships between the classes obtained under disjoint and non-disjoint d-intervals in the balanced case and show that the classes of disjoint balanced 2-intervals and balanced 2-intervals coincide, but this is no longer true for d > 2.
Cite as

Virginia Ardévol Martínez, Romeo Rizzi, Abdallah Saffidine, Florian Sikora, and Stéphane Vialette. Generalizing Roberts' Characterization of Unit Interval Graphs. In 49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 306, pp. 12:1-12:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{ardevolmartinez_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.12,
  author =	{Ard\'{e}vol Mart{\'\i}nez, Virginia and Rizzi, Romeo and Saffidine, Abdallah and Sikora, Florian and Vialette, St\'{e}phane},
  title =	{{Generalizing Roberts' Characterization of Unit Interval Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-335-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{306},
  editor =	{Kr\'{a}lovi\v{c}, Rastislav and Ku\v{c}era, Anton{\'\i}n},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-205687},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: Interval graphs, Multiple Interval Graphs, Unit Interval Graphs, Characterization}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.84
Faster Approximation Schemes for (Constrained) k-Means with Outliers

Authors: Zhen Zhang, Junyu Huang, and Qilong Feng

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 306, 49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024)

Abstract
Given a set of n points in ℝ^d and two positive integers k and m, the Euclidean k-means with outliers problem aims to remove at most m points, referred to as outliers, and minimize the k-means cost function for the remaining points. Developing algorithms for this problem remains an active area of research due to its prevalence in applications involving noisy data. In this paper, we give a (1+ε)-approximation algorithm that runs in n²d((k+m)ε^{-1})^O(kε^{-1}) time for the problem. When combined with a coreset construction method, the running time of the algorithm can be improved to be linear in n. For the case where k is a constant, this represents the first polynomial-time approximation scheme for the problem: Existing algorithms with the same approximation guarantee run in polynomial time only when both k and m are constants. Furthermore, our approach generalizes to variants of k-means with outliers incorporating additional constraints on instances, such as those related to capacities and fairness.
Cite as

Zhen Zhang, Junyu Huang, and Qilong Feng. Faster Approximation Schemes for (Constrained) k-Means with Outliers. In 49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 306, pp. 84:1-84:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{zhang_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.84,
  author =	{Zhang, Zhen and Huang, Junyu and Feng, Qilong},
  title =	{{Faster Approximation Schemes for (Constrained) k-Means with Outliers}},
  booktitle =	{49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024)},
  pages =	{84:1--84:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-335-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{306},
  editor =	{Kr\'{a}lovi\v{c}, Rastislav and Ku\v{c}era, Anton{\'\i}n},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.84},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-206408},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.84},
  annote =	{Keywords: Approximation algorithms, clustering}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.5
Shared Resource Contention in MCUs: A Reality Check and the Quest for Timeliness

Authors: Daniel Oliveira, Weifan Chen, Sandro Pinto, and Renato Mancuso

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 298, 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)

Abstract
Microcontrollers (MCUs) are steadily embracing multi-core technology to meet growing performance demands. This trend marks a shift from their traditionally simple, deterministic designs to more complex and inherently less predictable architectures. While shared resource contention is well-studied in mid to high-end embedded systems, the emergence of multi-core architectures in MCUs introduces unique challenges and characteristics that existing research has not fully explored. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth investigation of both mainstream and next-generation MCU-based platforms, aiming to identify the sources of contention on systems typically lacking these problems. We empirically demonstrate substantial contention effects across different MCU architectures (i.e., from single- to multi-core configurations), highlighting significant application slowdowns. Notably, we observe that slowdowns can reach several orders of magnitude, with the most extreme cases showing up to a 3800x (times, not percent) increase in execution time. To address these issues, we propose and evaluate muTPArtc, a novel mechanism designed for Timely Progress Assessment (TPA) and TPA-based runtime control specifically tailored to MCUs. muTPArtc is an MCU-specialized TPA-based mechanism that leverages hardware facilities widely available in commercial off-the-shelf MCUs (i.e., hardware breakpoints and cycle counters) to successfully monitor applications' progress, detect, and mitigate timing violations. Our results demonstrate that muTPArtc effectively manages performance degradation due to interference, requiring only minimal modifications to the build pipeline and no changes to the source code of the target application, while incurring minor overheads.
Cite as

Daniel Oliveira, Weifan Chen, Sandro Pinto, and Renato Mancuso. Shared Resource Contention in MCUs: A Reality Check and the Quest for Timeliness. In 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 298, pp. 5:1-5:25, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{oliveira_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.5,
  author =	{Oliveira, Daniel and Chen, Weifan and Pinto, Sandro and Mancuso, Renato},
  title =	{{Shared Resource Contention in MCUs: A Reality Check and the Quest for Timeliness}},
  booktitle =	{36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:25},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-324-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{298},
  editor =	{Pellizzoni, Rodolfo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203088},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: multi-core microcontrollers, shared resources contention, progress-aware regulation}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.7
The Omnivisor: A Real-Time Static Partitioning Hypervisor Extension for Heterogeneous Core Virtualization over MPSoCs

Authors: Daniele Ottaviano, Francesco Ciraolo, Renato Mancuso, and Marcello Cinque

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 298, 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)

Abstract
Following the needs of industrial applications, virtualization has emerged as one of the most effective approaches for the consolidation of mixed-criticality systems while meeting tight constraints in terms of space, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C). In embedded platforms with homogeneous processors, a wealth of works have proposed designs and techniques to enforce spatio-temporal isolation by leveraging well-understood virtualization support. Unfortunately, achieving the same goal on heterogeneous MultiProcessor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) has been largely overlooked. Modern hypervisors are designed to operate exclusively on main cores, with little or no consideration given to other co-processors within the system, such as small microcontroller-level CPUs or soft-cores deployed on programmable logic (FPGA). Typically, hypervisors consider co-processors as I/O devices allocated to virtual machines that run on primary cores, yielding full control and responsibility over them. Nevertheless, inadequate management of these resources can lead to spatio-temporal isolation issues within the system. In this paper, we propose the Omnivisor model as a paradigm for the holistic management of heterogeneous platforms. The model generalizes the features of real-time static partitioning hypervisors to enable the execution of virtual machines on processors with different Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs) within the same MPSoC. Moreover, the Omnivisor ensures temporal and spatial isolation between virtual machines by integrating and leveraging a variety of hardware and software protection mechanisms. The presented approach not only expands the scope of virtualization in MPSoCs but also enhances the overall system reliability and real-time performance for mixed-criticality applications. A full open-source reference implementation of the Omnivisor based on the Jailhouse hypervisor is provided, targeting ARM real-time processing units and RISC-V soft-cores on FPGA. Experimental results on real hardware show the benefits of the solution, including enabling the seamless launch of virtual machines on different ISAs and extending spatial/temporal isolation to heterogenous cores with enhanced regulation policies.
Cite as

Daniele Ottaviano, Francesco Ciraolo, Renato Mancuso, and Marcello Cinque. The Omnivisor: A Real-Time Static Partitioning Hypervisor Extension for Heterogeneous Core Virtualization over MPSoCs. In 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 298, pp. 7:1-7:27, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{ottaviano_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.7,
  author =	{Ottaviano, Daniele and Ciraolo, Francesco and Mancuso, Renato and Cinque, Marcello},
  title =	{{The Omnivisor: A Real-Time Static Partitioning Hypervisor Extension for Heterogeneous Core Virtualization over MPSoCs}},
  booktitle =	{36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:27},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-324-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{298},
  editor =	{Pellizzoni, Rodolfo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203107},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Mixed-Criticality, Embedded Virtualization, Real-Time Systems, MPSoCs}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.13
Learning Low-Degree Quantum Objects

Authors: Srinivasan Arunachalam, Arkopal Dutt, Francisco Escudero Gutiérrez, and Carlos Palazuelos

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We consider the problem of learning low-degree quantum objects up to ε-error in 𝓁₂-distance. We show the following results: (i) unknown n-qubit degree-d (in the Pauli basis) quantum channels and unitaries can be learned using O(1/ε^d) queries (which is independent of n), (ii) polynomials p:{-1,1}ⁿ → [-1,1] arising from d-query quantum algorithms can be learned from O((1/ε)^d ⋅ log n) many random examples (x,p(x)) (which implies learnability even for d = O(log n)), and (iii) degree-d polynomials p:{-1,1}ⁿ → [-1,1] can be learned through O(1/ε^d) queries to a quantum unitary U_p that block-encodes p. Our main technical contributions are new Bohnenblust-Hille inequalities for quantum channels and completely bounded polynomials.
Cite as

Srinivasan Arunachalam, Arkopal Dutt, Francisco Escudero Gutiérrez, and Carlos Palazuelos. Learning Low-Degree Quantum Objects. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 13:1-13:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{arunachalam_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.13,
  author =	{Arunachalam, Srinivasan and Dutt, Arkopal and Escudero Guti\'{e}rrez, Francisco and Palazuelos, Carlos},
  title =	{{Learning Low-Degree Quantum Objects}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{13:1--13:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.13},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201563},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.13},
  annote =	{Keywords: Tomography}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.68
A Tight Subexponential-Time Algorithm for Two-Page Book Embedding

Authors: Robert Ganian, Haiko Müller, Sebastian Ordyniak, Giacomo Paesani, and Mateusz Rychlicki

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
A book embedding of a graph is a drawing that maps vertices onto a line and edges to simple pairwise non-crossing curves drawn into "pages", which are half-planes bounded by that line. Two-page book embeddings, i.e., book embeddings into 2 pages, are of special importance as they are both NP-hard to compute and have specific applications. We obtain a 2^𝒪(√n) algorithm for computing a book embedding of an n-vertex graph on two pages - a result which is asymptotically tight under the Exponential Time Hypothesis. As a key tool in our approach, we obtain a single-exponential fixed-parameter algorithm for the same problem when parameterized by the treewidth of the input graph. We conclude by establishing the fixed-parameter tractability of computing minimum-page book embeddings when parameterized by the feedback edge number, settling an open question arising from previous work on the problem.
Cite as

Robert Ganian, Haiko Müller, Sebastian Ordyniak, Giacomo Paesani, and Mateusz Rychlicki. A Tight Subexponential-Time Algorithm for Two-Page Book Embedding. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 68:1-68:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{ganian_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.68,
  author =	{Ganian, Robert and M\"{u}ller, Haiko and Ordyniak, Sebastian and Paesani, Giacomo and Rychlicki, Mateusz},
  title =	{{A Tight Subexponential-Time Algorithm for Two-Page Book Embedding}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{68:1--68:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.68},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202114},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.68},
  annote =	{Keywords: book embedding, page number, subexponential algorithms, subhamiltonicity, feedback edge number}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.93
Streaming Algorithms for Connectivity Augmentation

Authors: Ce Jin, Michael Kapralov, Sepideh Mahabadi, and Ali Vakilian

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We study the k-connectivity augmentation problem (k-CAP) in the single-pass streaming model. Given a (k-1)-edge connected graph G = (V,E) that is stored in memory, and a stream of weighted edges (also called links) L with weights in {0,1,… ,W}, the goal is to choose a minimum weight subset L' ⊆ L of the links such that G' = (V,E∪ L') is k-edge connected. We give a (2+ε)-approximation algorithm for this problem which requires to store O(ε^{-1} nlog n) words. Moreover, we show the tightness of our result: Any algorithm with better than 2-approximation for the problem requires Ω(n²) bits of space even when k = 2. This establishes a gap between the optimal approximation factor one can obtain in the streaming vs the offline setting for k-CAP. We further consider a natural generalization to the fully streaming model where both E and L arrive in the stream in an arbitrary order. We show that this problem has a space lower bound that matches the best possible size of a spanner of the same approximation ratio. Following this, we give improved results for spanners on weighted graphs: We show a streaming algorithm that finds a (2t-1+ε)-approximate weighted spanner of size at most O(ε^{-1} n^{1+1/t}log n) for integer t, whereas the best prior streaming algorithm for spanner on weighted graphs had size depending on log W. We believe that this result is of independent interest. Using our spanner result, we provide an optimal O(t)-approximation for k-CAP in the fully streaming model with O(nk + n^{1+1/t}) words of space. Finally we apply our results to network design problems such as Steiner tree augmentation problem (STAP), k-edge connected spanning subgraph (k-ECSS) and the general Survivable Network Design problem (SNDP). In particular, we show a single-pass O(tlog k)-approximation for SNDP using O(kn^{1+1/t}) words of space, where k is the maximum connectivity requirement.
Cite as

Ce Jin, Michael Kapralov, Sepideh Mahabadi, and Ali Vakilian. Streaming Algorithms for Connectivity Augmentation. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 93:1-93:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{jin_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.93,
  author =	{Jin, Ce and Kapralov, Michael and Mahabadi, Sepideh and Vakilian, Ali},
  title =	{{Streaming Algorithms for Connectivity Augmentation}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{93:1--93:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.93},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202367},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.93},
  annote =	{Keywords: streaming algorithms, connectivity augmentation}
}
Document
Track B: Automata, Logic, Semantics, and Theory of Programming
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.143
Forcing, Transition Algebras, and Calculi

Authors: Go Hashimoto, Daniel Găină, and Ionuţ Ţuţu

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We bring forward a logical system of transition algebras that enhances many-sorted first-order logic using features from dynamic logics. The sentences we consider include compositions, unions, and transitive closures of transition relations, which are treated similarly to the actions used in dynamic logics in order to define necessity and possibility operators. This leads to a higher degree of expressivity than that of many-sorted first-order logic. For example, one can finitely axiomatize both the finiteness and the reachability of models, neither of which are ordinarily possible in many-sorted first-order logic. We introduce syntactic entailment and study basic properties such as compactness and completeness, showing that the latter does not hold when standard finitary proof rules are used. Consequently, we define proof rules having both finite and countably infinite premises, and we provide conditions under which completeness can be proved. To that end, we generalize the forcing method introduced in model theory by Robinson from a single signature to a category of signatures, and we apply it to obtain a completeness result for signatures that are at most countable.
Cite as

Go Hashimoto, Daniel Găină, and Ionuţ Ţuţu. Forcing, Transition Algebras, and Calculi. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 143:1-143:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{hashimoto_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.143,
  author =	{Hashimoto, Go and G\u{a}in\u{a}, Daniel and \c{T}u\c{t}u, Ionu\c{t}},
  title =	{{Forcing, Transition Algebras, and Calculi}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{143:1--143:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.143},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202868},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.143},
  annote =	{Keywords: Forcing, institution theory, calculi, algebraic specification, transition systems}
}
Document
Position
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.2.1.2
Grounding Stream Reasoning Research

Authors: Pieter Bonte, Jean-Paul Calbimonte, Daniel de Leng, Daniele Dell'Aglio, Emanuele Della Valle, Thomas Eiter, Federico Giannini, Fredrik Heintz, Konstantin Schekotihin, Danh Le-Phuoc, Alessandra Mileo, Patrik Schneider, Riccardo Tommasini, Jacopo Urbani, and Giacomo Ziffer

Published in: TGDK, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2024): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 2, Issue 1

Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in applying AI technologies to implement complex data analytics over data streams. To this end, researchers in various fields have been organising a yearly event called the "Stream Reasoning Workshop" to share perspectives, challenges, and experiences around this topic. In this paper, the previous organisers of the workshops and other community members provide a summary of the main research results that have been discussed during the first six editions of the event. These results can be categorised into four main research areas: The first is concerned with the technological challenges related to handling large data streams. The second area aims at adapting and extending existing semantic technologies to data streams. The third and fourth areas focus on how to implement reasoning techniques, either considering deductive or inductive techniques, to extract new and valuable knowledge from the data in the stream. This summary is written not only to provide a crystallisation of the field, but also to point out distinctive traits of the stream reasoning community. Moreover, it also provides a foundation for future research by enumerating a list of use cases and open challenges, to stimulate others to join this exciting research area.
Cite as

Pieter Bonte, Jean-Paul Calbimonte, Daniel de Leng, Daniele Dell'Aglio, Emanuele Della Valle, Thomas Eiter, Federico Giannini, Fredrik Heintz, Konstantin Schekotihin, Danh Le-Phuoc, Alessandra Mileo, Patrik Schneider, Riccardo Tommasini, Jacopo Urbani, and Giacomo Ziffer. Grounding Stream Reasoning Research. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 2:1-2:47, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{bonte_et_al:TGDK.2.1.2,
  author =	{Bonte, Pieter and Calbimonte, Jean-Paul and de Leng, Daniel and Dell'Aglio, Daniele and Della Valle, Emanuele and Eiter, Thomas and Giannini, Federico and Heintz, Fredrik and Schekotihin, Konstantin and Le-Phuoc, Danh and Mileo, Alessandra and Schneider, Patrik and Tommasini, Riccardo and Urbani, Jacopo and Ziffer, Giacomo},
  title =	{{Grounding Stream Reasoning Research}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{2:1--2:47},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.2.1.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198597},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.2.1.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Stream Reasoning, Stream Processing, RDF streams, Streaming Linked Data, Continuous query processing, Temporal Logics, High-performance computing, Databases}
}
Document
Survey
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.2.1.3
Semantic Web: Past, Present, and Future

Authors: Ansgar Scherp, Gerd Groener, Petr Škoda, Katja Hose, and Maria-Esther Vidal

Published in: TGDK, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2024): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 2, Issue 1

Abstract
Ever since the vision was formulated, the Semantic Web has inspired many generations of innovations. Semantic technologies have been used to share vast amounts of information on the Web, enhance them with semantics to give them meaning, and enable inference and reasoning on them. Throughout the years, semantic technologies, and in particular knowledge graphs, have been used in search engines, data integration, enterprise settings, and machine learning. In this paper, we recap the classical concepts and foundations of the Semantic Web as well as modern and recent concepts and applications, building upon these foundations. The classical topics we cover include knowledge representation, creating and validating knowledge on the Web, reasoning and linking, and distributed querying. We enhance this classical view of the so-called "Semantic Web Layer Cake" with an update of recent concepts that include provenance, security and trust, as well as a discussion of practical impacts from industry-led contributions. We conclude with an outlook on the future directions of the Semantic Web. This is a living document. If you like to contribute, please contact the first author and visit: https://github.com/ascherp/semantic-web-primer
Cite as

Ansgar Scherp, Gerd Groener, Petr Škoda, Katja Hose, and Maria-Esther Vidal. Semantic Web: Past, Present, and Future. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 3:1-3:37, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{scherp_et_al:TGDK.2.1.3,
  author =	{Scherp, Ansgar and Groener, Gerd and \v{S}koda, Petr and Hose, Katja and Vidal, Maria-Esther},
  title =	{{Semantic Web: Past, Present, and Future}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{3:1--3:37},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.2.1.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198607},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.2.1.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Linked Open Data, Semantic Web Graphs, Knowledge Graphs}
}
Document
Position
DOI: 10.4230/TGDK.2.1.5
Standardizing Knowledge Engineering Practices with a Reference Architecture

Authors: Bradley P. Allen and Filip Ilievski

Published in: TGDK, Volume 2, Issue 1 (2024): Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge, Volume 2, Issue 1

Abstract
Knowledge engineering is the process of creating and maintaining knowledge-producing systems. Throughout the history of computer science and AI, knowledge engineering workflows have been widely used given the importance of high-quality knowledge for reliable intelligent agents. Meanwhile, the scope of knowledge engineering, as apparent from its target tasks and use cases, has been shifting, together with its paradigms such as expert systems, semantic web, and language modeling. The intended use cases and supported user requirements between these paradigms have not been analyzed globally, as new paradigms often satisfy prior pain points while possibly introducing new ones. The recent abstraction of systemic patterns into a boxology provides an opening for aligning the requirements and use cases of knowledge engineering with the systems, components, and software that can satisfy them best, however, this direction has not been explored to date. This paper proposes a vision of harmonizing the best practices in the field of knowledge engineering by leveraging the software engineering methodology of creating reference architectures. We describe how a reference architecture can be iteratively designed and implemented to associate user needs with recurring systemic patterns, building on top of existing knowledge engineering workflows and boxologies. We provide a six-step roadmap that can enable the development of such an architecture, consisting of scope definition, selection of information sources, architectural analysis, synthesis of an architecture based on the information source analysis, evaluation through instantiation, and, ultimately, instantiation into a concrete software architecture. We provide an initial design and outcome of the definition of architectural scope, selection of information sources, and analysis. As the remaining steps of design, evaluation, and instantiation of the architecture are largely use-case specific, we provide a detailed description of their procedures and point to relevant examples. We expect that following through on this vision will lead to well-grounded reference architectures for knowledge engineering, will advance the ongoing initiatives of organizing the neurosymbolic knowledge engineering space, and will build new links to the software architectures and data science communities.
Cite as

Bradley P. Allen and Filip Ilievski. Standardizing Knowledge Engineering Practices with a Reference Architecture. In Special Issue on Trends in Graph Data and Knowledge - Part 2. Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge (TGDK), Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 5:1-5:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@Article{allen_et_al:TGDK.2.1.5,
  author =	{Allen, Bradley P. and Ilievski, Filip},
  title =	{{Standardizing Knowledge Engineering Practices with a Reference Architecture}},
  journal =	{Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge},
  pages =	{5:1--5:23},
  ISSN =	{2942-7517},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{2},
  number =	{1},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/TGDK.2.1.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-198623},
  doi =		{10.4230/TGDK.2.1.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: knowledge engineering, knowledge graphs, quality attributes, software architectures, sociotechnical systems}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.69
Tolerant Bipartiteness Testing in Dense Graphs

Authors: Arijit Ghosh, Gopinath Mishra, Rahul Raychaudhury, and Sayantan Sen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 229, 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)

Abstract
Bipartite testing has been a central problem in the area of property testing since its inception in the seminal work of Goldreich, Goldwasser, and Ron. Though the non-tolerant version of bipartite testing has been extensively studied in the literature, the tolerant variant is not well understood. In this paper, we consider the following version of tolerant bipartite testing problem: Given two parameters ε, δ ∈ (0,1), with δ > ε, and access to the adjacency matrix of a graph G, we have to decide whether G can be made bipartite by editing at most ε n² entries of the adjacency matrix of G, or we have to edit at least δ n² entries of the adjacency matrix to make G bipartite. In this paper, we prove that for δ = (2+Ω(1))ε, tolerant bipartite testing can be decided by performing 𝒪̃(1/ε³) many adjacency queries and in 2^𝒪̃(1/ε) time complexity. This improves upon the state-of-the-art query and time complexities of this problem of 𝒪̃(1/ε⁶) and 2^𝒪̃(1/ε²), respectively, due to Alon, Fernandez de la Vega, Kannan and Karpinski, where 𝒪̃(⋅) hides a factor polynomial in log (1/ε).
Cite as

Arijit Ghosh, Gopinath Mishra, Rahul Raychaudhury, and Sayantan Sen. Tolerant Bipartiteness Testing in Dense Graphs. In 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 229, pp. 69:1-69:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{ghosh_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.69,
  author =	{Ghosh, Arijit and Mishra, Gopinath and Raychaudhury, Rahul and Sen, Sayantan},
  title =	{{Tolerant Bipartiteness Testing in Dense Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)},
  pages =	{69:1--69:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-235-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{229},
  editor =	{Boja\'{n}czyk, Miko{\l}aj and Merelli, Emanuela and Woodruff, David P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.69},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-164101},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.69},
  annote =	{Keywords: Tolerant Testing, Bipartite Testing, Query Complexity, Graph Property Testing}
}
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