DROPS

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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.8

The Directed Van Kampen Theorem in Lean

Authors: Henning Basold, Peter Bruin, and Dominique Lawson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 309, 15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024)

Abstract

Directed topology augments the concept of a topological space with a notion of directed paths. This leads to a category of directed spaces, in which the morphisms are continuous maps respecting directed paths. Directed topology thereby enables an accurate representation of computation paths in concurrent systems that usually cannot be reversed. Even though ideas from algebraic topology have analogues in directed topology, the directedness drastically changes how spaces can be characterised. For instance, while an important homotopy invariant of a topological space is its fundamental groupoid, for directed spaces this has to be replaced by the fundamental category because directed paths are not necessarily reversible. In this paper, we present a Lean 4 formalisation of directed spaces and of a Van Kampen theorem for them, which allows the fundamental category of a directed space to be computed in terms of the fundamental categories of subspaces. Part of this formalisation is also a significant theory of directed spaces, directed homotopy theory and path coverings, which can serve as basis for future formalisations of directed topology. The formalisation in Lean can also be used in computer-assisted reasoning about the behaviour of concurrent systems that have been represented as directed spaces.

Cite as

Henning Basold, Peter Bruin, and Dominique Lawson. The Directed Van Kampen Theorem in Lean. In 15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 309, pp. 8:1-8:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{basold_et_al:LIPIcs.ITP.2024.8,
  author =	{Basold, Henning and Bruin, Peter and Lawson, Dominique},
  title =	{{The Directed Van Kampen Theorem in Lean}},
  booktitle =	{15th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2024)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-337-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{309},
  editor =	{Bertot, Yves and Kutsia, Temur and Norrish, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-207368},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2024.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Lean, Directed Topology, Van Kampen Theorem, Directed Homotopy Theory, Formalised Mathematics}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.6

Delooping Generated Groups in Homotopy Type Theory

Authors: Camil Champin, Samuel Mimram, and Émile Oleon

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract

Homotopy type theory is a logical setting based on Martin-Löf type theory in which one can perform geometric constructions and proofs in a synthetic way. Namely, types can be interpreted as spaces (up to continuous deformation) and proofs as homotopy invariant constructions. In this context, loop spaces of pointed connected groupoids provide a natural representation of groups, and any group can be obtained as the loop space of such a type, which is then called a delooping of the group. There are two main methods to construct the delooping of an arbitrary group G. The first one consists in describing it as a pointed higher inductive type, whereas the second one consists in taking the connected component of the principal G-torsor in the type of sets equipped with an action of G. We show here that, when a presentation is known for the group, simpler variants of those constructions can be used to build deloopings. The resulting types are more amenable to computations and lead to simpler meta-theoretic reasoning. We also investigate, in this context, an abstract construction for the Cayley graph of a generated group and show that it encodes the relations of the group. Most of the developments performed in the article have been formalized using the cubical version of the Agda proof assistant.

Cite as

Camil Champin, Samuel Mimram, and Émile Oleon. Delooping Generated Groups in Homotopy Type Theory. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 6:1-6:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{champin_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.6,
  author =	{Champin, Camil and Mimram, Samuel and Oleon, \'{E}mile},
  title =	{{Delooping Generated Groups in Homotopy Type Theory}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203356},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: homotopy type theory, delooping, group, generator, Cayley graph}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.22

Automating Boundary Filling in Cubical Agda

Authors: Maximilian Doré, Evan Cavallo, and Anders Mörtberg

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract

When working in a proof assistant, automation is key to discharging routine proof goals such as equations between algebraic expressions. Homotopy Type Theory allows the user to reason about higher structures, such as topological spaces, using higher inductive types (HITs) and univalence. Cubical Agda is an extension of Agda with computational support for HITs and univalence. A difficulty when working in Cubical Agda is dealing with the complex combinatorics of higher structures, an infinite-dimensional generalisation of equational reasoning. To solve these higher-dimensional equations consists in constructing cubes with specified boundaries. We develop a simplified cubical language in which we isolate and study two automation problems: contortion solving, where we attempt to "contort" a cube to fit a given boundary, and the more general Kan solving, where we search for solutions that involve pasting multiple cubes together. Both problems are difficult in the general case - Kan solving is even undecidable - so we focus on heuristics that perform well on practical examples. We provide a solver for the contortion problem using a reformulation of contortions in terms of poset maps, while we solve Kan problems using constraint satisfaction programming. We have implemented our algorithms in an experimental Haskell solver that can be used to automatically solve goals presented by Cubical Agda. We illustrate this with a case study establishing the Eckmann-Hilton theorem using our solver, as well as various benchmarks - providing the ground for further study of proof automation in cubical type theories.

Cite as

Maximilian Doré, Evan Cavallo, and Anders Mörtberg. Automating Boundary Filling in Cubical Agda. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 22:1-22:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{dore_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.22,
  author =	{Dor\'{e}, Maximilian and Cavallo, Evan and M\"{o}rtberg, Anders},
  title =	{{Automating Boundary Filling in Cubical Agda}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203514},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Cubical Agda, Automated Reasoning, Constraint Satisfaction Programming}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.30

homotopy.io: A Proof Assistant for Finitely-Presented Globular n-Categories

Authors: Nathan Corbyn, Lukas Heidemann, Nick Hu, Chiara Sarti, Calin Tataru, and Jamie Vicary

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract

We present the proof assistant homotopy.io for working with finitely-presented semistrict higher categories. The tool runs in the browser with a point-and-click interface, allowing direct manipulation of proof objects via a graphical representation. We describe the user interface and explain how the tool can be used in practice. We also describe the essential subsystems of the tool, including collapse, contraction, expansion, typechecking, and layout, as well as key implementation details including data structure encoding, memoisation, and rendering. These technical innovations have been essential for achieving good performance in a resource-constrained setting.

Cite as

Nathan Corbyn, Lukas Heidemann, Nick Hu, Chiara Sarti, Calin Tataru, and Jamie Vicary. homotopy.io: A Proof Assistant for Finitely-Presented Globular n-Categories. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 30:1-30:26, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{corbyn_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.30,
  author =	{Corbyn, Nathan and Heidemann, Lukas and Hu, Nick and Sarti, Chiara and Tataru, Calin and Vicary, Jamie},
  title =	{{homotopy.io: A Proof Assistant for Finitely-Presented Globular n-Categories}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{30:1--30:26},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.30},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203594},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.30},
  annote =	{Keywords: Higher category theory, proof assistant, string diagrams}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2023.16

Categorical Coherence from Term Rewriting Systems

Authors: Samuel Mimram

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 260, 8th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2023)

Abstract

The celebrated Squier theorem allows to prove coherence properties of algebraic structures, such as MacLane’s coherence theorem for monoidal categories, based on rewriting techniques. We are interested here in extending the theory and associated tools simultaneously in two directions. Firstly, we want to take in account situations where coherence is partial, in the sense that it only applies for a subset of structural morphisms (for instance, in the case of the coherence theorem for symmetric monoidal categories, we do not want to strictify the symmetry). Secondly, we are interested in structures where variables can be duplicated or erased. We develop theorems and rewriting techniques in order to achieve this, first in the setting of abstract rewriting systems, and then extend them to term rewriting systems, suitably generalized in order to take coherence in account. As an illustration of our results, we explain how to recover the coherence theorems for monoidal and symmetric monoidal categories.

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Samuel Mimram. Categorical Coherence from Term Rewriting Systems. In 8th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 260, pp. 16:1-16:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{mimram:LIPIcs.FSCD.2023.16,
  author =	{Mimram, Samuel},
  title =	{{Categorical Coherence from Term Rewriting Systems}},
  booktitle =	{8th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2023)},
  pages =	{16:1--16:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-277-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{260},
  editor =	{Gaboardi, Marco and van Raamsdonk, Femke},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2023.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-180009},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2023.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: coherence, rewriting system, Lawvere theory}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2021.2

Formalisation of Dependent Type Theory: The Example of CaTT

Authors: Thibaut Benjamin

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 239, 27th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2021)

Abstract

We present the type theory CaTT, originally introduced by Finster and Mimram to describe globular weak ω-categories, formalise this theory in the language of homotopy type theory and discuss connections with the open problem internalising higher structures. Most of the studies about this type theory assume that it is well-formed and satisfy the usual syntactic properties that dependent type theories enjoy, without being completely clear and thorough about what these properties are exactly. We use our formalisation to list and formally prove all of these meta-properties, thus filling a gap in the foundational aspect. We discuss the aspects of the formalisation inherent to CaTT. We present the formalisation in a way that not only handles the type theory CaTT but also related type theories that share the same structure, and in particular we show that this formalisation provides a proper ground to the study of the theory MCaTT which describes the globular monoidal weak ω-categories. The article is accompanied by a development in the proof assistant Agda to check the formalisation that we present.

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Thibaut Benjamin. Formalisation of Dependent Type Theory: The Example of CaTT. In 27th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 239, pp. 2:1-2:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{benjamin:LIPIcs.TYPES.2021.2,
  author =	{Benjamin, Thibaut},
  title =	{{Formalisation of Dependent Type Theory: The Example of CaTT}},
  booktitle =	{27th International Conference on Types for Proofs and Programs (TYPES 2021)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-254-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{239},
  editor =	{Basold, Henning and Cockx, Jesper and Ghilezan, Silvia},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2021.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-167719},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TYPES.2021.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dependent type theory, homotopy type theory, higher categories, formalisation, Agda, proof assistant}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2022.11

Division by Two, in Homotopy Type Theory

Authors: Samuel Mimram and Émile Oleon

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 228, 7th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2022)

Abstract

Natural numbers are isomorphism classes of finite sets and one can look for operations on sets which, after quotienting, allow recovering traditional arithmetic operations. Moreover, from a constructivist perspective, it is interesting to study whether those operations can be performed without resorting to the axiom of choice (the use of classical logic is usually necessary). Following the work of Bernstein, Sierpiński, Doyle and Conway, we study here "division by two" (or, rather, regularity of multiplication by two). We provide here a full formalization of this operation on sets, using the cubical variant of Agda, which is an implementation of the homotopy type theory setting, thus revealing some interesting points in the proof. As a novel contribution, we also show that this construction extends to general types, as opposed to sets.

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Samuel Mimram and Émile Oleon. Division by Two, in Homotopy Type Theory. In 7th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 228, pp. 11:1-11:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{mimram_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2022.11,
  author =	{Mimram, Samuel and Oleon, \'{E}mile},
  title =	{{Division by Two, in Homotopy Type Theory}},
  booktitle =	{7th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2022)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-233-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{228},
  editor =	{Felty, Amy P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2022.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-162920},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2022.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: division, axiom of choice, set theory, homotopy type theory, Agda}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2019.18

Nominal String Diagrams

Authors: Samuel Balco and Alexander Kurz

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 139, 8th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2019)

Abstract

We introduce nominal string diagrams as string diagrams internal in the category of nominal sets. This requires us to take nominal sets as a monoidal category, not with the cartesian product, but with the separated product. To this end, we develop the beginnings of a theory of monoidal categories internal in a symmetric monoidal category. As an instance, we obtain a notion of a nominal PROP as a PROP internal in nominal sets. A 2-dimensional calculus of simultaneous substitutions is an application.

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Samuel Balco and Alexander Kurz. Nominal String Diagrams. In 8th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 139, pp. 18:1-18:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{balco_et_al:LIPIcs.CALCO.2019.18,
  author =	{Balco, Samuel and Kurz, Alexander},
  title =	{{Nominal String Diagrams}},
  booktitle =	{8th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science (CALCO 2019)},
  pages =	{18:1--18:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-120-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{139},
  editor =	{Roggenbach, Markus and Sokolova, Ana},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2019.18},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-114466},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CALCO.2019.18},
  annote =	{Keywords: string diagrams, nominal sets, separated product, simultaneous substitutions, internal category, monoidal category, internal monoidal categories, PROP}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2019.34

A Sound Foundation for the Topological Approach to Task Solvability

Authors: Jérémy Ledent and Samuel Mimram

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 140, 30th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2019)

Abstract

The area of fault-tolerant distributed computability is concerned with the solvability of decision tasks in various computational models where the processes might crash. A very successful approach to prove impossibility results in this context is that of combinatorial topology, started by Herlihy and Shavit’s paper in 1999. They proved that, for wait-free protocols where the processes communicate through read/write registers, a task is solvable if and only if there exists some map between simplicial complexes satisfying some properties. This approach was then extended to many different contexts, where the processes have access to various synchronization and communication primitives. Usually, in those cases, the existence of a simplicial map from the protocol complex to the output complex is taken as the definition of what it means to solve a task. In particular, no proof is provided of the fact that this abstract topological definition agrees with a more concrete operational definition of task solvability. In this paper, we bridge this gap by proving a version of Herlihy and Shavit’s theorem that applies to any kind of object. First, we start with a very general way of specifying concurrent objects, and we define what it means to implement an object B in a computational model where the processes are allowed to communicate through shared objects A_1, ..., A_k. Then, we derive the notion of a decision task as a special case of concurrent object. Finally, we prove an analogue of Herlihy and Shavit’s theorem in this context. In particular, our version of the theorem subsumes all the uses of the combinatorial topology approach that we are aware of.

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Jérémy Ledent and Samuel Mimram. A Sound Foundation for the Topological Approach to Task Solvability. In 30th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 140, pp. 34:1-34:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{ledent_et_al:LIPIcs.CONCUR.2019.34,
  author =	{Ledent, J\'{e}r\'{e}my and Mimram, Samuel},
  title =	{{A Sound Foundation for the Topological Approach to Task Solvability}},
  booktitle =	{30th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2019)},
  pages =	{34:1--34:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-121-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{140},
  editor =	{Fokkink, Wan and van Glabbeek, Rob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2019.34},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-109365},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CONCUR.2019.34},
  annote =	{Keywords: Fault-tolerant protocols, Asynchronous computability, Combinatorial topology, Protocol complex, Distributed task}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2018.28

Concurrent Specifications Beyond Linearizability

Authors: Éric Goubault, Jérémy Ledent, and Samuel Mimram

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 125, 22nd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2018)

Abstract

With the advent of parallel architectures, distributed programs are used intensively and the question of how to formally specify the behaviors expected from such programs becomes crucial. A very general way to specify concurrent objects is to simply give the set of all the execution traces that we consider correct for the object. In many cases, one is only interested in studying a subclass of these concurrent specifications, and more convenient tools such as linearizability can be used to describe them. In this paper, what we call a concurrent specification will be a set of execution traces that moreover satisfies a number of axioms. As we argue, these are actually the only concurrent specifications of interest: we prove that, in a reasonable computational model, every program satisfies all of our axioms. Restricting to this class of concurrent specifications allows us to formally relate our concurrent specifications with the ones obtained by linearizability, as well as its more recent variants (set- and interval-linearizability).

Cite as

Éric Goubault, Jérémy Ledent, and Samuel Mimram. Concurrent Specifications Beyond Linearizability. In 22nd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 125, pp. 28:1-28:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{goubault_et_al:LIPIcs.OPODIS.2018.28,
  author =	{Goubault, \'{E}ric and Ledent, J\'{e}r\'{e}my and Mimram, Samuel},
  title =	{{Concurrent Specifications Beyond Linearizability}},
  booktitle =	{22nd International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems (OPODIS 2018)},
  pages =	{28:1--28:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-098-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{125},
  editor =	{Cao, Jiannong and Ellen, Faith and Rodrigues, Luis and Ferreira, Bernardo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2018.28},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-100888},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.OPODIS.2018.28},
  annote =	{Keywords: concurrent specification, concurrent object, linearizability}
}

Document

Brief Announcement

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2018.50

Brief Announcement: On the Impossibility of Detecting Concurrency

Authors: Éric Goubault, Jérémy Ledent, and Samuel Mimram

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 121, 32nd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2018)

Abstract

We identify a general principle of distributed computing: one cannot force two processes running in parallel to see each other. This principle is formally stated in the context of asynchronous processes communicating through shared objects, using trace-based semantics. We prove that it holds in a reasonable computational model, and then study the class of concurrent specifications which satisfy this property. This allows us to derive a Galois connection theorem for different variants of linearizability.

Cite as

Éric Goubault, Jérémy Ledent, and Samuel Mimram. Brief Announcement: On the Impossibility of Detecting Concurrency. In 32nd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 121, pp. 50:1-50:4, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{goubault_et_al:LIPIcs.DISC.2018.50,
  author =	{Goubault, \'{E}ric and Ledent, J\'{e}r\'{e}my and Mimram, Samuel},
  title =	{{Brief Announcement: On the Impossibility of Detecting Concurrency}},
  booktitle =	{32nd International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC 2018)},
  pages =	{50:1--50:4},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-092-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{121},
  editor =	{Schmid, Ulrich and Widder, Josef},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2018.50},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-98392},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.DISC.2018.50},
  annote =	{Keywords: concurrent specification, concurrent object, linearizability}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2018.15

Coherence of Gray Categories via Rewriting

Authors: Simon Forest and Samuel Mimram

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 108, 3rd International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2018)

Abstract

Over the recent years, the theory of rewriting has been extended in order to provide systematic techniques to show coherence results for strict higher categories. Here, we investigate a further generalization to low-dimensional weak categories, and consider in details the first non-trivial case: presentations of tricategories. By a general result, those are equivalent to the stricter Gray categories, for which we introduce a notion of rewriting system, as well as associated tools: critical pairs, termination orders, etc. We show that a finite rewriting system admits a finite number of critical pairs and, as a variant of Newman's lemma in our context, that a convergent rewriting system is coherent, meaning that two parallel 3-cells are necessarily equal. This is illustrated on rewriting systems corresponding to various well-known structures in the context of Gray categories (monoids, adjunctions, Frobenius monoids). Finally, we discuss generalizations in arbitrary dimension.

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Simon Forest and Samuel Mimram. Coherence of Gray Categories via Rewriting. In 3rd International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 108, pp. 15:1-15:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{forest_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2018.15,
  author =	{Forest, Simon and Mimram, Samuel},
  title =	{{Coherence of Gray Categories via Rewriting}},
  booktitle =	{3rd International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2018)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-077-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{108},
  editor =	{Kirchner, H\'{e}l\`{e}ne},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2018.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-91855},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2018.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: rewriting, coherence, Gray category, polygraph, pseudomonoid, precategory}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2016.27

Homological Computations for Term Rewriting Systems

Authors: Philippe Malbos and Samuel Mimram

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 52, 1st International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2016)

Abstract

An important problem in universal algebra consists in finding presentations of algebraic theories by generators and relations, which are as small as possible. Exhibiting lower bounds on the number of those generators and relations for a given theory is a difficult task because it a priori requires considering all possible sets of generators for a theory and no general method exists. In this article, we explain how homological computations can provide such lower bounds, in a systematic way, and show how to actually compute those in the case where a presentation of the theory by a convergent rewriting system is known. We also introduce the notion of coherent presentation of a theory in order to consider finer homotopical invariants. In some aspects, this work generalizes, to term rewriting systems, Squier's celebrated homological and homotopical invariants for string rewriting systems.

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Philippe Malbos and Samuel Mimram. Homological Computations for Term Rewriting Systems. In 1st International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 52, pp. 27:1-27:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{malbos_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2016.27,
  author =	{Malbos, Philippe and Mimram, Samuel},
  title =	{{Homological Computations for Term Rewriting Systems}},
  booktitle =	{1st International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2016)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-010-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{52},
  editor =	{Kesner, Delia and Pientka, Brigitte},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2016.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-59821},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2016.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: term rewriting system, Lawvere theory, Tietze equivalence, resolution, homology, convergent pres entation, coherent presentation}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.RTA.2015.89

Presenting a Category Modulo a Rewriting System

Authors: Florence Clerc and Samuel Mimram

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 36, 26th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA 2015)

Abstract

Presentations of categories are a well-known algebraic tool to provide descriptions of categories by the means of generators, for objects and morphisms, and relations on morphisms. We generalize here this notion, in order to consider situations where the objects are considered modulo an equivalence relation (in the spirit of rewriting modulo), which is described by equational generators. When those form a convergent (abstract) rewriting system on objects, there are three very natural constructions that can be used to define the category which is described by the presentation: one is based on restricting to objects which are normal forms, one consists in turning equational generators into identities (i.e. considering a quotient category), and one consists in formally adding inverses to equational generators (i.e. localizing the category). We show that, under suitable coherence conditions on the presentation, the three constructions coincide, thus generalizing celebrated results on presentations of groups. We illustrate our techniques on a non-trivial example, and hint at a generalization for 2-categories.

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Florence Clerc and Samuel Mimram. Presenting a Category Modulo a Rewriting System. In 26th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 36, pp. 89-105, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

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@InProceedings{clerc_et_al:LIPIcs.RTA.2015.89,
  author =	{Clerc, Florence and Mimram, Samuel},
  title =	{{Presenting a Category Modulo a Rewriting System}},
  booktitle =	{26th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA 2015)},
  pages =	{89--105},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-85-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{36},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.RTA.2015.89},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-51916},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.RTA.2015.89},
  annote =	{Keywords: presentation of a category, quotient category, localization, residuation}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.RTA.2013.223

A Homotopical Completion Procedure with Applications to Coherence of Monoids

Authors: Yves Guiraud, Philippe Malbos, and Samuel Mimram

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 21, 24th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA 2013)

Abstract

One of the most used algorithm in rewriting theory is the Knuth-Bendix completion procedure which starts from a terminating rewriting system and iteratively adds rules to it, trying to produce an equivalent convergent rewriting system. It is in particular used to study presentations of monoids, since normal forms of the rewriting system provide canonical representatives of words modulo the congruence generated by the rules. Here, we are interested in extending this procedure in order to retrieve information about the low-dimensional homotopy properties of a monoid. We therefore consider the notion of coherent presentation, which is a generalization of rewriting systems that keeps track of the cells generated by confluence diagrams. We extend the Knuth-Bendix completion procedure to this setting, resulting in a homotopical completion procedure. It is based on a generalization of Tietze transformations, which are operations that can be iteratively applied to relate any two presentations of the same monoid. We also explain how these transformations can be used to remove useless generators, rules, or confluence diagrams in a coherent presentation, thus leading to a homotopical reduction procedure. Finally, we apply these techniques to the study of some examples coming from representation theory, to compute minimal coherent presentations for them: braid, plactic and Chinese monoids.

Cite as

Yves Guiraud, Philippe Malbos, and Samuel Mimram. A Homotopical Completion Procedure with Applications to Coherence of Monoids. In 24th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA 2013). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 21, pp. 223-238, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)

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@InProceedings{guiraud_et_al:LIPIcs.RTA.2013.223,
  author =	{Guiraud, Yves and Malbos, Philippe and Mimram, Samuel},
  title =	{{A Homotopical Completion Procedure with Applications to Coherence of Monoids}},
  booktitle =	{24th International Conference on Rewriting Techniques and Applications (RTA 2013)},
  pages =	{223--238},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-53-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2013},
  volume =	{21},
  editor =	{van Raamsdonk, Femke},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.RTA.2013.223},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-40649},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.RTA.2013.223},
  annote =	{Keywords: higher-dimensional rewriting, presentation of monoid, Knuth-Bendix completion, Tietze transformation, low-dimensional homotopy for monoids, coherence}
}

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