18 Search Results for "Ron, Dana"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.24
IMELL Cut Elimination with Linear Overhead

Authors: Beniamino Accattoli and Claudio Sacerdoti Coen

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 299, 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)

Abstract
Recently, Accattoli introduced the Exponential Substitution Calculus (ESC) given by untyped proof terms for Intuitionistic Multiplicative Exponential Linear Logic (IMELL), endowed with rewriting rules at-a-distance for cut elimination. He also introduced a new cut elimination strategy, dubbed the good strategy, and showed that its number of steps is a time cost model with polynomial overhead for ESC/IMELL, and the first such one. Here, we refine Accattoli’s result by introducing an abstract machine for ESC and proving that it implements the good strategy and computes cut-free terms/proofs within a linear overhead.
Cite as

Beniamino Accattoli and Claudio Sacerdoti Coen. IMELL Cut Elimination with Linear Overhead. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 24:1-24:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{accattoli_et_al:LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.24,
  author =	{Accattoli, Beniamino and Sacerdoti Coen, Claudio},
  title =	{{IMELL Cut Elimination with Linear Overhead}},
  booktitle =	{9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-323-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{299},
  editor =	{Rehof, Jakob},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203539},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: Lambda calculus, linear logic, abstract machines}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.60
Testing C_k-Freeness in Bounded-Arboricity Graphs

Authors: Talya Eden, Reut Levi, and Dana Ron

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 297, 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)

Abstract
We study the problem of testing C_k-freeness (k-cycle-freeness) for fixed constant k > 3 in graphs with bounded arboricity (but unbounded degrees). In particular, we are interested in one-sided error algorithms, so that they must detect a copy of C_k with high constant probability when the graph is ε-far from C_k-free. We next state our results for constant arboricity and constant ε with a focus on the dependence on the number of graph vertices, n. The query complexity of all our algorithms grows polynomially with 1/ε. 1) As opposed to the case of k = 3, where the complexity of testing C₃-freeness grows with the arboricity of the graph but not with the size of the graph (Levi, ICALP 2021) this is no longer the case already for k = 4. We show that Ω(n^{1/4}) queries are necessary for testing C₄-freeness, and that Õ(n^{1/4}) are sufficient. The same bounds hold for C₅. 2) For every fixed k ≥ 6, any one-sided error algorithm for testing C_k-freeness must perform Ω(n^{1/3}) queries. 3) For k = 6 we give a testing algorithm whose query complexity is Õ(n^{1/2}). 4) For any fixed k, the query complexity of testing C_k-freeness is upper bounded by {O}(n^{1-1/⌊k/2⌋}). The last upper bound builds on another result in which we show that for any fixed subgraph F, the query complexity of testing F-freeness is upper bounded by O(n^{1-1/𝓁(F)}), where 𝓁(F) is a parameter of F that is always upper bounded by the number of vertices in F (and in particular is k/2 in C_k for even k). We extend some of our results to bounded (non-constant) arboricity, where in particular, we obtain sublinear upper bounds for all k. Our Ω(n^{1/4}) lower bound for testing C₄-freeness in constant arboricity graphs provides a negative answer to an open problem posed by (Goldreich, 2021).
Cite as

Talya Eden, Reut Levi, and Dana Ron. Testing C_k-Freeness in Bounded-Arboricity Graphs. In 51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 297, pp. 60:1-60:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{eden_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.60,
  author =	{Eden, Talya and Levi, Reut and Ron, Dana},
  title =	{{Testing C\underlinek-Freeness in Bounded-Arboricity Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)},
  pages =	{60:1--60:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-322-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{297},
  editor =	{Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.60},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-202033},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.60},
  annote =	{Keywords: Property Testing, Cycle-Freeness, Bounded Arboricity}
}
Document
RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.47
Efficient Interactive Proofs for Non-Deterministic Bounded Space

Authors: Joshua Cook and Ron D. Rothblum

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 275, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2023)

Abstract
The celebrated IP = PSPACE Theorem gives an efficient interactive proof for any bounded-space algorithm. In this work we study interactive proofs for non-deterministic bounded space computations. While Savitch’s Theorem shows that nondeterministic bounded-space algorithms can be simulated by deterministic bounded-space algorithms, this simulation has a quadratic overhead. We give interactive protocols for nondeterministic algorithms directly to get faster verifiers. More specifically, for any non-deterministic space S algorithm, we construct an interactive proof in which the verifier runs in time Õ(n+S²). This improves on the best previous bound of Õ(n+S³) and matches the result for deterministic space bounded algorithms, up to polylog(S) factors. We further generalize to alternating bounded space algorithms. For any language L decided by a time T, space S algorithm that uses d alternations, we construct an interactive proof in which the verifier runs in time Õ(n + S log(T) + S d) and the prover runs in time 2^O(S). For d = O(log(T)), this matches the best known interactive proofs for deterministic algorithms, up to polylog(S) factors, and improves on the previous best verifier time for nondeterministic algorithms by a factor of log(T). We also improve the best prior verifier time for unbounded alternations by a factor of S. Using known connections of bounded alternation algorithms to bounded depth circuits, we also obtain faster verifiers for bounded depth circuits with unbounded fan-in.
Cite as

Joshua Cook and Ron D. Rothblum. Efficient Interactive Proofs for Non-Deterministic Bounded Space. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 275, pp. 47:1-47:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{cook_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.47,
  author =	{Cook, Joshua and Rothblum, Ron D.},
  title =	{{Efficient Interactive Proofs for Non-Deterministic Bounded Space}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2023)},
  pages =	{47:1--47:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-296-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{275},
  editor =	{Megow, Nicole and Smith, Adam},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.47},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-188727},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2023.47},
  annote =	{Keywords: Interactive Proofs, Alternating Algorithms, AC0\lbrack2\rbrack, Doubly Efficient Proofs}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.44
Sample-Based Distance-Approximation for Subsequence-Freeness

Authors: Omer Cohen Sidon and Dana Ron

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 261, 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)

Abstract
In this work, we study the problem of approximating the distance to subsequence-freeness in the sample-based distribution-free model. For a given subsequence (word) w = w_1 … w_k, a sequence (text) T = t_1 … t_n is said to contain w if there exist indices 1 ≤ i_1 < … < i_k ≤ n such that t_{i_{j}} = w_j for every 1 ≤ j ≤ k. Otherwise, T is w-free. Ron and Rosin (ACM TOCT 2022) showed that the number of samples both necessary and sufficient for one-sided error testing of subsequence-freeness in the sample-based distribution-free model is Θ(k/ε). Denoting by Δ(T,w,p) the distance of T to w-freeness under a distribution p:[n] → [0,1], we are interested in obtaining an estimate Δ̂, such that |Δ̂ - Δ(T,w,p)| ≤ δ with probability at least 2/3, for a given distance parameter δ. Our main result is an algorithm whose sample complexity is Õ(k²/δ²). We first present an algorithm that works when the underlying distribution p is uniform, and then show how it can be modified to work for any (unknown) distribution p. We also show that a quadratic dependence on 1/δ is necessary.
Cite as

Omer Cohen Sidon and Dana Ron. Sample-Based Distance-Approximation for Subsequence-Freeness. In 50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 261, pp. 44:1-44:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{cohensidon_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.44,
  author =	{Cohen Sidon, Omer and Ron, Dana},
  title =	{{Sample-Based Distance-Approximation for Subsequence-Freeness}},
  booktitle =	{50th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2023)},
  pages =	{44:1--44:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-278-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{261},
  editor =	{Etessami, Kousha and Feige, Uriel and Puppis, Gabriele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.44},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-180964},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2023.44},
  annote =	{Keywords: Property Testing, Distance Approximation}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.56
Almost Optimal Bounds for Sublinear-Time Sampling of k-Cliques in Bounded Arboricity Graphs

Authors: Talya Eden, Dana Ron, and Will Rosenbaum

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 229, 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)

Abstract
Counting and sampling small subgraphs are fundamental algorithmic tasks. Motivated by the need to handle massive datasets efficiently, recent theoretical work has examined the problems in the sublinear time regime. In this work, we consider the problem of sampling a k-clique in a graph from an almost uniform distribution. Specifically the algorithm should output each k-clique with probability (1±ε)/n_k, where n_k denotes the number of k-cliques in the graph and ε is a given approximation parameter. To this end, the algorithm may perform degree, neighbor, and pair queries. We focus on the class of graphs with arboricity at most α, and prove that the query complexity of the problem is Θ^*(min{nα , max {(((nα)^(k/2))/n_k)^{1/(k-1)}, (nα^(k-1))/n_k}}), where n is the number of vertices in the graph, and Θ^*(⋅) suppresses dependencies on (log n/ε)^O(k). Our upper bound is based on defining a special auxiliary graph H_k, such that sampling edges almost uniformly in H_k translates to sampling k-cliques almost uniformly in the original graph G. We then build on a known edge-sampling algorithm (Eden, Ron and Rosenbaum, ICALP19) to sample edges in H_k. The challenge is simulating queries to H_k while being given query access only to G. Our lower bound follows from a construction of a family of graphs with arboricity α such that in each graph there are n_k k-cliques, where one of these cliques is "hidden" and hence hard to sample.
Cite as

Talya Eden, Dana Ron, and Will Rosenbaum. Almost Optimal Bounds for Sublinear-Time Sampling of k-Cliques in Bounded Arboricity Graphs. In 49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 229, pp. 56:1-56:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{eden_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.56,
  author =	{Eden, Talya and Ron, Dana and Rosenbaum, Will},
  title =	{{Almost Optimal Bounds for Sublinear-Time Sampling of k-Cliques in Bounded Arboricity Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{49th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2022)},
  pages =	{56:1--56:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-235-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{229},
  editor =	{Boja\'{n}czyk, Miko{\l}aj and Merelli, Emanuela and Woodruff, David P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.56},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163974},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2022.56},
  annote =	{Keywords: sublinear time algorithms, graph algorithms, cliques, arboricity, uniform sampling}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.78
Testing Distributions of Huge Objects

Authors: Oded Goldreich and Dana Ron

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 215, 13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)

Abstract
We initiate a study of a new model of property testing that is a hybrid of testing properties of distributions and testing properties of strings. Specifically, the new model refers to testing properties of distributions, but these are distributions over huge objects (i.e., very long strings). Accordingly, the model accounts for the total number of local probes into these objects (resp., queries to the strings) as well as for the distance between objects (resp., strings). Specifically, the distance between distributions is defined as the earth mover’s distance with respect to the relative Hamming distance between strings. We study the query complexity of testing in this new model, focusing on three directions. First, we try to relate the query complexity of testing properties in the new model to the sample complexity of testing these properties in the standard distribution testing model. Second, we consider the complexity of testing properties that arise naturally in the new model (e.g., distributions that capture random variations of fixed strings). Third, we consider the complexity of testing properties that were extensively studied in the standard distribution testing model: Two such cases are uniform distributions and pairs of identical distributions, where we obtain the following results. - Testing whether a distribution over n-bit long strings is uniform on some set of size m can be done with query complexity Õ(m/ε³), where ε > (log₂m)/n is the proximity parameter. - Testing whether two distribution over n-bit long strings that have support size at most m are identical can be done with query complexity Õ(m^{2/3}/ε³). Both upper bounds are quite tight; that is, for ε = Ω(1), the first task requires Ω(m^c) queries for any c < 1 and n = ω(log m), whereas the second task requires Ω(m^{2/3}) queries. Note that the query complexity of the first task is higher than the sample complexity of the corresponding task in the standard distribution testing model, whereas in the case of the second task the bounds almost match.
Cite as

Oded Goldreich and Dana Ron. Testing Distributions of Huge Objects. In 13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 215, pp. 78:1-78:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{goldreich_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.78,
  author =	{Goldreich, Oded and Ron, Dana},
  title =	{{Testing Distributions of Huge Objects}},
  booktitle =	{13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)},
  pages =	{78:1--78:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-217-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{215},
  editor =	{Braverman, Mark},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.78},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-156747},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.78},
  annote =	{Keywords: Property Testing, Distributions}
}
Document
RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.55
Towards a Decomposition-Optimal Algorithm for Counting and Sampling Arbitrary Motifs in Sublinear Time

Authors: Amartya Shankha Biswas, Talya Eden, and Ronitt Rubinfeld

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 207, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2021)

Abstract
We consider the problem of sampling and approximately counting an arbitrary given motif H in a graph G, where access to G is given via queries: degree, neighbor, and pair, as well as uniform edge sample queries. Previous algorithms for these tasks were based on a decomposition of H into a collection of odd cycles and stars, denoted D^*(H) = {O_{k₁},...,O_{k_q}, S_{p₁},...,S_{p_𝓁}}. These algorithms were shown to be optimal for the case where H is a clique or an odd-length cycle, but no other lower bounds were known. We present a new algorithm for sampling arbitrary motifs which, up to poly(log n) factors, is always at least as good, and for most graphs G is strictly better. The main ingredient leading to this improvement is an improved uniform algorithm for sampling stars, which might be of independent interest, as it allows to sample vertices according to the p-th moment of the degree distribution. Finally, we prove that this algorithm is decomposition-optimal for decompositions that contain at least one odd cycle. These are the first lower bounds for motifs H with a nontrivial decomposition, i.e., motifs that have more than a single component in their decomposition.
Cite as

Amartya Shankha Biswas, Talya Eden, and Ronitt Rubinfeld. Towards a Decomposition-Optimal Algorithm for Counting and Sampling Arbitrary Motifs in Sublinear Time. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 207, pp. 55:1-55:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{biswas_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.55,
  author =	{Biswas, Amartya Shankha and Eden, Talya and Rubinfeld, Ronitt},
  title =	{{Towards a Decomposition-Optimal Algorithm for Counting and Sampling Arbitrary Motifs in Sublinear Time}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2021)},
  pages =	{55:1--55:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-207-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{207},
  editor =	{Wootters, Mary and Sanit\`{a}, Laura},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.55},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-147480},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.55},
  annote =	{Keywords: Sublinear time algorithms, Graph algorithms, Sampling subgraphs, Approximate counting}
}
Document
RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.61
Testing Hamiltonicity (And Other Problems) in Minor-Free Graphs

Authors: Reut Levi and Nadav Shoshan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 207, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2021)

Abstract
In this paper we provide sub-linear algorithms for several fundamental problems in the setting in which the input graph excludes a fixed minor, i.e., is a minor-free graph. In particular, we provide the following algorithms for minor-free unbounded degree graphs. 1) A tester for Hamiltonicity with two-sided error with poly(1/ε)-query complexity, where ε is the proximity parameter. 2) A local algorithm, as defined by Rubinfeld et al. (ICS 2011), for constructing a spanning subgraph with almost minimum weight, specifically, at most a factor (1+ε) of the optimum, with poly(1/ε)-query complexity. Both our algorithms use partition oracles, a tool introduced by Hassidim et al. (FOCS 2009), which are oracles that provide access to a partition of the graph such that the number of cut-edges is small and each part of the partition is small. The polynomial dependence in 1/ε of our algorithms is achieved by combining the recent poly(d/ε)-query partition oracle of Kumar-Seshadhri-Stolman (ECCC 2021) for minor-free graphs with degree bounded by d. For bounded degree minor-free graphs we introduce the notion of covering partition oracles which is a relaxed version of partition oracles and design a poly(d/ε)-time covering partition oracle for this family of graphs. Using our covering partition oracle we provide the same results as above (except that the tester for Hamiltonicity has one-sided error) for minor-free bounded degree graphs, as well as showing that any property which is monotone and additive (e.g. bipartiteness) can be tested in minor-free graphs by making poly(d/ε)-queries. The benefit of using the covering partition oracle rather than the partition oracle in our algorithms is its simplicity and an improved polynomial dependence in 1/ε in the obtained query complexity.
Cite as

Reut Levi and Nadav Shoshan. Testing Hamiltonicity (And Other Problems) in Minor-Free Graphs. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 207, pp. 61:1-61:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{levi_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.61,
  author =	{Levi, Reut and Shoshan, Nadav},
  title =	{{Testing Hamiltonicity (And Other Problems) in Minor-Free Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2021)},
  pages =	{61:1--61:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-207-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{207},
  editor =	{Wootters, Mary and Sanit\`{a}, Laura},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.61},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-147540},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.61},
  annote =	{Keywords: Property Testing, Hamiltonian path, minor free graphs, sparse spanning sub-graphs}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.12
Robustly Self-Ordered Graphs: Constructions and Applications to Property Testing

Authors: Oded Goldreich and Avi Wigderson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 200, 36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021)

Abstract
A graph G is called self-ordered (a.k.a asymmetric) if the identity permutation is its only automorphism. Equivalently, there is a unique isomorphism from G to any graph that is isomorphic to G. We say that G = (V,E) is robustly self-ordered if the size of the symmetric difference between E and the edge-set of the graph obtained by permuting V using any permutation π:V → V is proportional to the number of non-fixed-points of π. In this work, we initiate the study of the structure, construction and utility of robustly self-ordered graphs. We show that robustly self-ordered bounded-degree graphs exist (in abundance), and that they can be constructed efficiently, in a strong sense. Specifically, given the index of a vertex in such a graph, it is possible to find all its neighbors in polynomial-time (i.e., in time that is poly-logarithmic in the size of the graph). We provide two very different constructions, in tools and structure. The first, a direct construction, is based on proving a sufficient condition for robust self-ordering, which requires that an auxiliary graph is expanding. The second construction is iterative, boosting the property of robust self-ordering from smaller to larger graphs. Structuraly, the first construction always yields expanding graphs, while the second construction may produce graphs that have many tiny (sub-logarithmic) connected components. We also consider graphs of unbounded degree, seeking correspondingly unbounded robustness parameters. We again demonstrate that such graphs (of linear degree) exist (in abundance), and that they can be constructed efficiently, in a strong sense. This turns out to require very different tools. Specifically, we show that the construction of such graphs reduces to the construction of non-malleable two-source extractors (with very weak parameters but with some additional natural features). We demonstrate that robustly self-ordered bounded-degree graphs are useful towards obtaining lower bounds on the query complexity of testing graph properties both in the bounded-degree and the dense graph models. Indeed, their robustness offers efficient, local and distance preserving reductions from testing problems on ordered structures (like sequences) to the unordered (effectively unlabeled) graphs. One of the results that we obtain, via such a reduction, is a subexponential separation between the query complexities of testing and tolerant testing of graph properties in the bounded-degree graph model.
Cite as

Oded Goldreich and Avi Wigderson. Robustly Self-Ordered Graphs: Constructions and Applications to Property Testing. In 36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 200, pp. 12:1-12:74, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{goldreich_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2021.12,
  author =	{Goldreich, Oded and Wigderson, Avi},
  title =	{{Robustly Self-Ordered Graphs: Constructions and Applications to Property Testing}},
  booktitle =	{36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:74},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-193-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{200},
  editor =	{Kabanets, Valentine},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-142867},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: Asymmetric graphs, expanders, testing graph properties, two-source extractors, non-malleable extractors, coding theory, tolerant testing, random graphs}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.98
Testing Dynamic Environments: Back to Basics

Authors: Yonatan Nakar and Dana Ron

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 198, 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)

Abstract
We continue the line of work initiated by Goldreich and Ron (Journal of the ACM, 2017) on testing dynamic environments and propose to pursue a systematic study of the complexity of testing basic dynamic environments and local rules. As a first step, in this work we focus on dynamic environments that correspond to elementary cellular automata that evolve according to threshold rules. Our main result is the identification of a set of conditions on local rules, and a meta-algorithm that tests evolution according to local rules that satisfy the conditions. The meta-algorithm has query complexity poly(1/ε), is non-adaptive and has one-sided error. We show that all the threshold rules satisfy the set of conditions, and therefore are poly(1/ε)-testable. We believe that this is a rich area of research and suggest a variety of open problems and natural research directions that may extend and expand our results.
Cite as

Yonatan Nakar and Dana Ron. Testing Dynamic Environments: Back to Basics. In 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 198, pp. 98:1-98:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{nakar_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.98,
  author =	{Nakar, Yonatan and Ron, Dana},
  title =	{{Testing Dynamic Environments: Back to Basics}},
  booktitle =	{48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)},
  pages =	{98:1--98:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-195-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{198},
  editor =	{Bansal, Nikhil and Merelli, Emanuela and Worrell, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.98},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-141672},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.98},
  annote =	{Keywords: Property Testing}
}
Document
RANDOM
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.27
Almost Optimal Distribution-Free Sample-Based Testing of k-Modality

Authors: Dana Ron and Asaf Rosin

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 176, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020)

Abstract
For an integer k ≥ 0, a sequence σ = σ₁,… ,σ_n over a fully ordered set is k-modal, if there exist indices 1 = a₀ < a₁ < … < a_{k+1} = n such that for each i, the subsequence σ_{a_i},… ,σ_{a_{i+1}} is either monotonically non-decreasing or monotonically non-increasing. The property of k-modality is a natural extension of monotonicity, which has been studied extensively in the area of property testing. We study one-sided error property testing of k-modality in the distribution-free sample-based model. We prove an upper bound of O({√{kn}log k}/ε) on the sample complexity, and an almost matching lower bound of Ω(√{kn}/ε). When the underlying distribution is uniform, we obtain a completely tight bound of Θ(√{kn/ε}), which generalizes what is known for sample-based testing of monotonicity under the uniform distribution.
Cite as

Dana Ron and Asaf Rosin. Almost Optimal Distribution-Free Sample-Based Testing of k-Modality. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 176, pp. 27:1-27:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{ron_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.27,
  author =	{Ron, Dana and Rosin, Asaf},
  title =	{{Almost Optimal Distribution-Free Sample-Based Testing of k-Modality}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020)},
  pages =	{27:1--27:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-164-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{176},
  editor =	{Byrka, Jaros{\l}aw and Meka, Raghu},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.27},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-126307},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.27},
  annote =	{Keywords: Sample-based property testing, Distribution-free property testing, k-modality}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.52
The Arboricity Captures the Complexity of Sampling Edges

Authors: Talya Eden, Dana Ron, and Will Rosenbaum

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 132, 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)

Abstract
In this paper, we revisit the problem of sampling edges in an unknown graph G = (V, E) from a distribution that is (pointwise) almost uniform over E. We consider the case where there is some a priori upper bound on the arboriciy of G. Given query access to a graph G over n vertices and of average degree {d} and arboricity at most alpha, we design an algorithm that performs O(alpha/d * {log^3 n}/epsilon) queries in expectation and returns an edge in the graph such that every edge e in E is sampled with probability (1 +/- epsilon)/m. The algorithm performs two types of queries: degree queries and neighbor queries. We show that the upper bound is tight (up to poly-logarithmic factors and the dependence in epsilon), as Omega(alpha/d) queries are necessary for the easier task of sampling edges from any distribution over E that is close to uniform in total variational distance. We also prove that even if G is a tree (i.e., alpha = 1 so that alpha/d = Theta(1)), Omega({log n}/{loglog n}) queries are necessary to sample an edge from any distribution that is pointwise close to uniform, thus establishing that a poly(log n) factor is necessary for constant alpha. Finally we show how our algorithm can be applied to obtain a new result on approximately counting subgraphs, based on the recent work of Assadi, Kapralov, and Khanna (ITCS, 2019).
Cite as

Talya Eden, Dana Ron, and Will Rosenbaum. The Arboricity Captures the Complexity of Sampling Edges. In 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 132, pp. 52:1-52:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{eden_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.52,
  author =	{Eden, Talya and Ron, Dana and Rosenbaum, Will},
  title =	{{The Arboricity Captures the Complexity of Sampling Edges}},
  booktitle =	{46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019)},
  pages =	{52:1--52:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-109-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{132},
  editor =	{Baier, Christel and Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Flocchini, Paola and Leonardi, Stefano},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.52},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-106287},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.52},
  annote =	{Keywords: sampling, graph algorithms, arboricity, sublinear-time algorithms}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.37
The Subgraph Testing Model

Authors: Oded Goldreich and Dana Ron

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 124, 10th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2019)

Abstract
We initiate a study of testing properties of graphs that are presented as subgraphs of a fixed (or an explicitly given) graph. The tester is given free access to a base graph G=([n],E), and oracle access to a function f:E -> {0,1} that represents a subgraph of G. The tester is required to distinguish between subgraphs that posses a predetermined property and subgraphs that are far from possessing this property. We focus on bounded-degree base graphs and on the relation between testing graph properties in the subgraph model and testing the same properties in the bounded-degree graph model. We identify cases in which testing is significantly easier in one model than in the other as well as cases in which testing has approximately the same complexity in both models. Our proofs are based on the design and analysis of efficient testers and on the establishment of query-complexity lower bounds.
Cite as

Oded Goldreich and Dana Ron. The Subgraph Testing Model. In 10th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 124, pp. 37:1-37:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{goldreich_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.37,
  author =	{Goldreich, Oded and Ron, Dana},
  title =	{{The Subgraph Testing Model}},
  booktitle =	{10th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2019)},
  pages =	{37:1--37:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-095-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{124},
  editor =	{Blum, Avrim},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.37},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-101308},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2019.37},
  annote =	{Keywords: Property Testing, Graph Properties}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.53
On the Testability of Graph Partition Properties

Authors: Yonatan Nakar and Dana Ron

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 116, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018)

Abstract
In this work we study the testability of a family of graph partition properties that generalizes a family previously studied by Goldreich, Goldwasser, and Ron (Journal of the ACM, 1998 ). While the family studied by Goldreich, Goldwasser, and Ron includes a variety of natural properties, such as k-colorability and containing a large cut, it does not include other properties of interest, such as split graphs, and more generally (p,q)-colorable graphs. The generalization we consider allows us to impose constraints on the edge-densities within and between parts (relative to the sizes of the parts). We denote the family studied in this work by GPP. We first show that all properties in GPP have a testing algorithm whose query complexity is polynomial in 1/epsilon, where epsilon is the given proximity parameter (and there is no dependence on the size of the graph). As the testing algorithm has two-sided error, we next address the question of which properties in GPP can be tested with one-sided error and query complexity polynomial in 1/epsilon. We answer this question by establishing a characterization result. Namely, we define a subfamily GPP_{0,1} of GPP and show that a property P in GPP is testable by a one-sided error algorithm that has query complexity poly(1/epsilon) if and only if P in GPP_{0,1}.
Cite as

Yonatan Nakar and Dana Ron. On the Testability of Graph Partition Properties. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 116, pp. 53:1-53:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{nakar_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.53,
  author =	{Nakar, Yonatan and Ron, Dana},
  title =	{{On the Testability of Graph Partition Properties}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018)},
  pages =	{53:1--53:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-085-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{116},
  editor =	{Blais, Eric and Jansen, Klaus and D. P. Rolim, Jos\'{e} and Steurer, David},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.53},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-94572},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.53},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph Partition Properties}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.7
Sublinear Time Estimation of Degree Distribution Moments: The Degeneracy Connection

Authors: Talya Eden, Dana Ron, and C. Seshadhri

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 80, 44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017)

Abstract
We revisit the classic problem of estimating the degree distribution moments of an undirected graph. Consider an undirected graph G=(V,E) with n (non-isolated) vertices, and define (for s > 0) mu_s = 1\n * sum_{v in V} d^s_v. Our aim is to estimate mu_s within a multiplicative error of (1+epsilon) (for a given approximation parameter epsilon>0) in sublinear time. We consider the sparse graph model that allows access to: uniform random vertices, queries for the degree of any vertex, and queries for a neighbor of any vertex. For the case of s=1 (the average degree), \widetilde{O}(\sqrt{n}) queries suffice for any constant epsilon (Feige, SICOMP 06 and Goldreich-Ron, RSA 08). Gonen-Ron-Shavitt (SIDMA 11) extended this result to all integral s > 0, by designing an algorithms that performs \widetilde{O}(n^{1-1/(s+1)}) queries. (Strictly speaking, their algorithm approximates the number of star-subgraphs of a given size, but a slight modification gives an algorithm for moments.) We design a new, significantly simpler algorithm for this problem. In the worst-case, it exactly matches the bounds of Gonen-Ron-Shavitt, and has a much simpler proof. More importantly, the running time of this algorithm is connected to the degeneracy of G. This is (essentially) the maximum density of an induced subgraph. For the family of graphs with degeneracy at most alpha, it has a query complexity of widetilde{O}\left(\frac{n^{1-1/s}}{\mu^{1/s}_s} \Big(\alpha^{1/s} + \min\{\alpha,\mu^{1/s}_s\}\Big)\right) = \widetilde{O}(n^{1-1/s}\alpha/\mu^{1/s}_s). Thus, for the class of bounded degeneracy graphs (which includes all minor closed families and preferential attachment graphs), we can estimate the average degree in \widetilde{O}(1) queries, and can estimate the variance of the degree distribution in \widetilde{O}(\sqrt{n}) queries. This is a major improvement over the previous worst-case bounds. Our key insight is in designing an estimator for mu_s that has low variance when G does not have large dense subgraphs.
Cite as

Talya Eden, Dana Ron, and C. Seshadhri. Sublinear Time Estimation of Degree Distribution Moments: The Degeneracy Connection. In 44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 80, pp. 7:1-7:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{eden_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.7,
  author =	{Eden, Talya and Ron, Dana and Seshadhri, C.},
  title =	{{Sublinear Time Estimation of Degree Distribution Moments: The Degeneracy Connection}},
  booktitle =	{44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-041-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{80},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Indyk, Piotr and Kuhn, Fabian and Muscholl, Anca},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-73747},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Sublinear algorithms, Degree distribution, Graph moments}
}
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