25 Search Results for "Tantau, Till"

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2024.21
McDag: Indexing Maximal Common Subsequences in Practice

Authors: Giovanni Buzzega, Alessio Conte, Roberto Grossi, and Giulia Punzi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 312, 24th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2024)

Abstract
Analyzing and comparing sequences of symbols is among the most fundamental problems in computer science, possibly even more so in bioinformatics. Maximal Common Subsequences (MCSs), i.e., inclusion-maximal sequences of non-contiguous symbols common to two or more strings, have only recently received attention in this area, despite being a basic notion and a natural generalization of more common tools like Longest Common Substrings/Subsequences. In this paper we simplify and engineer recent advancements on MCSs into a practical tool called McDag, the first publicly available tool that can index MCSs of real genomic data. We demonstrate that our tool can index sequences exceeding 10,000 base pairs within minutes, utilizing only 4-7% more than the minimum required nodes, while also extracting relevant insights.
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Giovanni Buzzega, Alessio Conte, Roberto Grossi, and Giulia Punzi. McDag: Indexing Maximal Common Subsequences in Practice. In 24th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 312, pp. 21:1-21:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{buzzega_et_al:LIPIcs.WABI.2024.21,
  author =	{Buzzega, Giovanni and Conte, Alessio and Grossi, Roberto and Punzi, Giulia},
  title =	{{McDag: Indexing Maximal Common Subsequences in Practice}},
  booktitle =	{24th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2024)},
  pages =	{21:1--21:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-340-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{312},
  editor =	{Pissis, Solon P. and Sung, Wing-Kin},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2024.21},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-206650},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2024.21},
  annote =	{Keywords: Index data structure, DAG, Common subsequence, Inclusion-wise maximality, LCS}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.17
On the Descriptive Complexity of Vertex Deletion Problems

Authors: Max Bannach, Florian Chudigiewitsch, and Till Tantau

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 306, 49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024)

Abstract
Vertex deletion problems for graphs are studied intensely in classical and parameterized complexity theory. They ask whether we can delete at most k vertices from an input graph such that the resulting graph has a certain property. Regarding k as the parameter, a dichotomy was recently shown based on the number of quantifier alternations of first-order formulas that describe the property. In this paper, we refine this classification by moving from quantifier alternations to individual quantifier patterns and from a dichotomy to a trichotomy, resulting in a complete classification of the complexity of vertex deletion problems based on their quantifier pattern. The more fine-grained approach uncovers new tractable fragments, which we show to not only lie in FPT, but even in parameterized constant-depth circuit complexity classes. On the other hand, we show that vertex deletion becomes intractable already for just one quantifier per alternation, that is, there is a formula of the form ∀ x∃ y∀ z (ψ), with ψ quantifier-free, for which the vertex deletion problem is W[1]-hard. The fine-grained analysis also allows us to uncover differences in the complexity landscape when we consider different kinds of graphs and more general structures: While basic graphs (undirected graphs without self-loops), undirected graphs, and directed graphs each have a different frontier of tractability, the frontier for arbitrary logical structures coincides with that of directed graphs.
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Max Bannach, Florian Chudigiewitsch, and Till Tantau. On the Descriptive Complexity of Vertex Deletion Problems. In 49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 306, pp. 17:1-17:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bannach_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.17,
  author =	{Bannach, Max and Chudigiewitsch, Florian and Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{On the Descriptive Complexity of Vertex Deletion Problems}},
  booktitle =	{49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024)},
  pages =	{17:1--17:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-335-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{306},
  editor =	{Kr\'{a}lovi\v{c}, Rastislav and Ku\v{c}era, Anton{\'\i}n},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-205733},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: graph problems, fixed-parameter tractability, descriptive complexity, vertex deletion}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.46
Query Maintenance Under Batch Changes with Small-Depth Circuits

Authors: Samir Datta, Asif Khan, Anish Mukherjee, Felix Tschirbs, Nils Vortmeier, and Thomas Zeume

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 306, 49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024)

Abstract
Which dynamic queries can be maintained efficiently? For constant-size changes, it is known that constant-depth circuits or, equivalently, first-order updates suffice for maintaining many important queries, among them reachability, tree isomorphism, and the word problem for context-free languages. In other words, these queries are in the dynamic complexity class DynFO. We show that most of the existing results for constant-size changes can be recovered for batch changes of polylogarithmic size if one allows circuits of depth 𝒪(log log n) or, equivalently, first-order updates that are iterated 𝒪(log log n) times.
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Samir Datta, Asif Khan, Anish Mukherjee, Felix Tschirbs, Nils Vortmeier, and Thomas Zeume. Query Maintenance Under Batch Changes with Small-Depth Circuits. In 49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 306, pp. 46:1-46:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{datta_et_al:LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.46,
  author =	{Datta, Samir and Khan, Asif and Mukherjee, Anish and Tschirbs, Felix and Vortmeier, Nils and Zeume, Thomas},
  title =	{{Query Maintenance Under Batch Changes with Small-Depth Circuits}},
  booktitle =	{49th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2024)},
  pages =	{46:1--46:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-335-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{306},
  editor =	{Kr\'{a}lovi\v{c}, Rastislav and Ku\v{c}era, Anton{\'\i}n},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.46},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-206027},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2024.46},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dynamic complexity theory, parallel computation, dynamic algorithms}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.8
Faster Graph Algorithms Through DAG Compression

Authors: Max Bannach, Florian Andreas Marwitz, and Till Tantau

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 289, 41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024)

Abstract
The runtime of graph algorithms such as depth-first search or Dijkstra’s algorithm is dominated by the fact that all edges of the graph need to be processed at least once, leading to prohibitive runtimes for large, dense graphs. We introduce a simple data structure for storing graphs (and more general structures) in a compressed manner using directed acyclic graphs (dags). We then show that numerous standard graph problems can be solved in time linear in the size of the dag compression of a graph, rather than in the number of edges of the graph. Crucially, many dense graphs, including but not limited to graphs of bounded twinwidth, have a dag compression of size linear in the number of vertices rather than edges. This insight allows us to improve the previous best results for the runtime of standard algorithms from quasi-linear to linear for the large class of graphs of bounded twinwidth, which includes all cographs, graphs of bounded treewidth, or graphs of bounded cliquewidth.
Cite as

Max Bannach, Florian Andreas Marwitz, and Till Tantau. Faster Graph Algorithms Through DAG Compression. In 41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 289, pp. 8:1-8:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{bannach_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2024.8,
  author =	{Bannach, Max and Marwitz, Florian Andreas and Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{Faster Graph Algorithms Through DAG Compression}},
  booktitle =	{41st International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2024)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-311-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{289},
  editor =	{Beyersdorff, Olaf and Kant\'{e}, Mamadou Moustapha and Kupferman, Orna and Lokshtanov, Daniel},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-197188},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2024.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: graph compression, graph traversal, twinwidth, parameterized algorithms}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.3
Existential Second-Order Logic over Graphs: Parameterized Complexity

Authors: Max Bannach, Florian Chudigiewitsch, and Till Tantau

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 285, 18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023)

Abstract
By Fagin’s Theorem, NP contains precisely those problems that can be described by formulas starting with an existential second-order quantifier, followed by only first-order quantifiers (eso formulas). Subsequent research refined this result, culminating in powerful theorems that characterize for each possible sequence of first-order quantifiers how difficult the described problem can be. We transfer this line of inquiry to the parameterized setting, where the size of the set quantified by the second-order quantifier is the parameter. Many natural parameterized problems can be described in this way using simple sequences of first-order quantifiers: For the clique or vertex cover problems, two universal first-order quantifiers suffice ("for all pairs of vertices ... must hold"); for the dominating set problem, a universal followed by an existential quantifier suffice ("for all vertices, there is a vertex such that ..."); and so on. We present a complete characterization that states for each possible sequence of first-order quantifiers how high the parameterized complexity of the described problems can be. The uncovered dividing line between quantifier sequences that lead to tractable versus intractable problems is distinct from that known from the classical setting, and it depends on whether the parameter is a lower bound on, an upper bound on, or equal to the size of the quantified set.
Cite as

Max Bannach, Florian Chudigiewitsch, and Till Tantau. Existential Second-Order Logic over Graphs: Parameterized Complexity. In 18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 285, pp. 3:1-3:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{bannach_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.3,
  author =	{Bannach, Max and Chudigiewitsch, Florian and Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{Existential Second-Order Logic over Graphs: Parameterized Complexity}},
  booktitle =	{18th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2023)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-305-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{285},
  editor =	{Misra, Neeldhara and Wahlstr\"{o}m, Magnus},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-194224},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2023.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: existential second-order logic, graph problems, parallel algorithms, fixed-parameter tractability, descriptive complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.13.3.17
Computational Complexity of Discrete Problems (Dagstuhl Seminar 23111)

Authors: Anna Gál, Meena Mahajan, Rahul Santhanam, Till Tantau, and Manaswi Paraashar

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 3 (2023)

Abstract
This report documents the program and activities of Dagstuhl Seminar 23111 "Computational Complexity of Discrete Problems", which was held in-person in March 2023 (the previous instance of the seminar series had been held online in March 2021). Following a description of the seminar’s objectives and its overall organization, this report lists the different major talks given during the seminar in alphabetical order of speakers, followed by the abstracts of the talks, including the main references and relevant sources where applicable. The return to an in-person setting allowed an intense atmosphere of active research and interaction throughout the five day seminar.
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Anna Gál, Meena Mahajan, Rahul Santhanam, Till Tantau, and Manaswi Paraashar. Computational Complexity of Discrete Problems (Dagstuhl Seminar 23111). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 13, Issue 3, pp. 17-31, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@Article{gal_et_al:DagRep.13.3.17,
  author =	{G\'{a}l, Anna and Mahajan, Meena and Santhanam, Rahul and Tantau, Till and Paraashar, Manaswi},
  title =	{{Computational Complexity of Discrete Problems (Dagstuhl Seminar 23111)}},
  pages =	{17--31},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{13},
  number =	{3},
  editor =	{G\'{a}l, Anna and Mahajan, Meena and Santhanam, Rahul and Tantau, Till and Paraashar, Manaswi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.13.3.17},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-192261},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.13.3.17},
  annote =	{Keywords: circuit complexity, communication complexity, computational complexity, lower bounds, randomness}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2022.19
On the Parallel Parameterized Complexity of MaxSAT Variants

Authors: Max Bannach, Malte Skambath, and Till Tantau

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 236, 25th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2022)

Abstract
In the maximum satisfiability problem (max-sat) we are given a propositional formula in conjunctive normal form and have to find an assignment that satisfies as many clauses as possible. We study the parallel parameterized complexity of various versions of max-sat and provide the first constant-time algorithms parameterized either by the solution size or by the allowed excess relative to some guarantee ("above guarantee" versions). For the dual parameterized version where the parameter is the number of clauses we are allowed to leave unsatisfied, we present the first parallel algorithm for max-2sat (known as almost-2sat). The difficulty in solving almost-2sat in parallel comes from the fact that the iterative compression method, originally developed to prove that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable at all, is inherently sequential. We observe that a graph flow whose value is a parameter can be computed in parallel and use this fact to develop a parallel algorithm for the vertex cover problem parameterized above the size of a given matching. Finally, we study the parallel complexity of max-sat parameterized by the vertex cover number, the treedepth, the feedback vertex set number, and the treewidth of the input’s incidence graph. While max-sat is fixed-parameter tractable for all of these parameters, we show that they allow different degrees of possible parallelization. For all four we develop dedicated parallel algorithms that are constructive, meaning that they output an optimal assignment - in contrast to results that can be obtained by parallel meta-theorems, which often only solve the decision version.
Cite as

Max Bannach, Malte Skambath, and Till Tantau. On the Parallel Parameterized Complexity of MaxSAT Variants. In 25th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 236, pp. 19:1-19:19, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{bannach_et_al:LIPIcs.SAT.2022.19,
  author =	{Bannach, Max and Skambath, Malte and Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{On the Parallel Parameterized Complexity of MaxSAT Variants}},
  booktitle =	{25th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2022)},
  pages =	{19:1--19:19},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-242-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{236},
  editor =	{Meel, Kuldeep S. and Strichman, Ofer},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2022.19},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-166934},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SAT.2022.19},
  annote =	{Keywords: max-sat, almost-sat, parallel algorithms, fixed-parameter tractability}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.2
On the Satisfaction Probability of k-CNF Formulas

Authors: Till Tantau

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 234, 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022)

Abstract
The satisfaction probability σ(ϕ) := Pr_{β:vars(ϕ) → {0,1}}[β ⊧ ϕ] of a propositional formula ϕ is the likelihood that a random assignment β makes the formula true. We study the complexity of the problem kSAT-PROB_{> δ} = {ϕ is a kCNF formula ∣ σ(ϕ) > δ} for fixed k and δ. While 3SAT-PROB_{> 0} = 3SAT is NP-complete and SAT-PROB}_{> 1/2} is PP-complete, Akmal and Williams recently showed 3SAT-PROB_{> 1/2} ∈ P and 4SAT-PROB_{> 1/2} ∈ NP-complete; but the methods used to prove these striking results stay silent about, say, 4SAT-PROB_{> 3/4}, leaving the computational complexity of kSAT-PROB_{> δ} open for most k and δ. In the present paper we give a complete characterization in the form of a trichotomy: kSAT-PROB_{> δ} lies in AC⁰, is NL-complete, or is NP-complete; and given k and δ we can decide which of the three applies. The proof of the trichotomy hinges on a new order-theoretic insight: Every set of kCNF formulas contains a formula of maximal satisfaction probability. This deceptively simple result allows us to (1) kernelize kSAT-PROB_{≥ δ}, (2) show that the variables of the kernel form a strong backdoor set when the trichotomy states membership in AC⁰ or NL, and (3) prove a locality property by which for every kCNF formula ϕ we have σ(ϕ) ≥ δ iff σ(ψ) ≥ δ for every fixed-size subset ψ of ϕ’s clauses. The locality property will allow us to prove a conjecture of Akmal and Williams: The majority-of-majority satisfaction problem for kCNFS lies in P for all k.
Cite as

Till Tantau. On the Satisfaction Probability of k-CNF Formulas. In 37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 234, pp. 2:1-2:27, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{tantau:LIPIcs.CCC.2022.2,
  author =	{Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{On the Satisfaction Probability of k-CNF Formulas}},
  booktitle =	{37th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2022)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:27},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-241-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{234},
  editor =	{Lovett, Shachar},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-165648},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2022.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Satisfaction probability, majority it\{k\}-sat, kernelization, well orderings, locality}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2022.6
An FPT-Algorithm for Longest Common Subsequence Parameterized by the Maximum Number of Deletions

Authors: Laurent Bulteau, Mark Jones, Rolf Niedermeier, and Till Tantau

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 223, 33rd Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2022)

Abstract
In the NP-hard Longest Common Subsequence problem (LCS), given a set of strings, the task is to find a string that can be obtained from every input string using as few deletions as possible. LCS is one of the most fundamental string problems with numerous applications in various areas, having gained a lot of attention in the algorithms and complexity research community. Significantly improving on an algorithm by Irving and Fraser [CPM'92], featured as a research challenge in a 2014 survey paper, we show that LCS is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) when parameterized by the maximum number of deletions per input string. Given the relatively moderate running time of our algorithm (linear time when the parameter is a constant) and small parameter values to be expected in several applications, we believe that our purely theoretical analysis could finally pave the way to a new, exact and practically useful algorithm for this notoriously hard string problem.
Cite as

Laurent Bulteau, Mark Jones, Rolf Niedermeier, and Till Tantau. An FPT-Algorithm for Longest Common Subsequence Parameterized by the Maximum Number of Deletions. In 33rd Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 223, pp. 6:1-6:11, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{bulteau_et_al:LIPIcs.CPM.2022.6,
  author =	{Bulteau, Laurent and Jones, Mark and Niedermeier, Rolf and Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{An FPT-Algorithm for Longest Common Subsequence Parameterized by the Maximum Number of Deletions}},
  booktitle =	{33rd Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2022)},
  pages =	{6:1--6:11},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-234-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{223},
  editor =	{Bannai, Hideo and Holub, Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2022.6},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-161338},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2022.6},
  annote =	{Keywords: NP-hard string problems, multiple sequence alignment, center string, parameterized complexity, search tree algorithms, enumerative algorithms}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2021.7
Dynamic Kernels for Hitting Sets and Set Packing

Authors: Max Bannach, Zacharias Heinrich, Rüdiger Reischuk, and Till Tantau

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 214, 16th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2021)

Abstract
Computing small kernels for the hitting set problem is a well-studied computational problem where we are given a hypergraph with n vertices and m hyperedges, each of size d for some small constant d, and a parameter k. The task is to compute a new hypergraph, called a kernel, whose size is polynomial with respect to the parameter k and which has a size-k hitting set if, and only if, the original hypergraph has one. State-of-the-art algorithms compute kernels of size k^d (which is a polynomial kernel size as d is a constant), and they do so in time m⋅ 2^d poly(d) for a small polynomial poly(d) (which is a linear runtime as d is again a constant). We generalize this task to the dynamic setting where hyperedges may continuously be added or deleted and one constantly has to keep track of a size-k^d hitting set kernel in memory (including moments when no size-k hitting set exists). This paper presents a deterministic solution with worst-case time 3^d poly(d) for updating the kernel upon hyperedge inserts and time 5^d poly(d) for updates upon deletions. These bounds nearly match the time 2^d poly(d) needed by the best static algorithm per hyperedge. Let us stress that for constant d our algorithm maintains a dynamic hitting set kernel with constant, deterministic, worst-case update time that is independent of n, m, and the parameter k. As a consequence, we also get a deterministic dynamic algorithm for keeping track of size-k hitting sets in d-hypergraphs with update times O(1) and query times O(c^k) where c = d - 1 + O(1/d) equals the best base known for the static setting.
Cite as

Max Bannach, Zacharias Heinrich, Rüdiger Reischuk, and Till Tantau. Dynamic Kernels for Hitting Sets and Set Packing. In 16th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 214, pp. 7:1-7:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{bannach_et_al:LIPIcs.IPEC.2021.7,
  author =	{Bannach, Max and Heinrich, Zacharias and Reischuk, R\"{u}diger and Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{Dynamic Kernels for Hitting Sets and Set Packing}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2021)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-216-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{214},
  editor =	{Golovach, Petr A. and Zehavi, Meirav},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2021.7},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-153900},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.IPEC.2021.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: Kernelization, Dynamic Algorithms, Hitting Set, Set Packings}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.11.2.1
Computational Complexity of Discrete Problems (Dagstuhl Seminar 21121)

Authors: Anna Gál, Meena Mahajan, Rahul Santhanam, and Till Tantau

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 11, Issue 2 (2021)

Abstract
This report documents the program and activities of Dagstuhl Seminar 21121 "Computational Complexity of Discrete Problems," which was held online in March 2021. Starting with a description of the organization of the online meeting and the topics covered, we then list the different talks given during the seminar in alphabetical order of speakers, followed by the abstracts of the talks, including the main references and relevant sources where applicable. Despite the fact that only a compressed daily time slot was available for the seminar with participants from time zones spanning the whole globe and despite the fact that informal discussions were harder to hold than in a typical on-site seminar, the rate of participation throughout the seminar was very high and many lively scientific debates were held.
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Anna Gál, Meena Mahajan, Rahul Santhanam, and Till Tantau. Computational Complexity of Discrete Problems (Dagstuhl Seminar 21121). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 11, Issue 2, pp. 1-16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@Article{gal_et_al:DagRep.11.2.1,
  author =	{G\'{a}l, Anna and Mahajan, Meena and Santhanam, Rahul and Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{Computational Complexity of Discrete Problems (Dagstuhl Seminar 21121)}},
  pages =	{1--16},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{11},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{G\'{a}l, Anna and Mahajan, Meena and Santhanam, Rahul and Tantau, Till},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.11.2.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-146836},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.11.2.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: circuit complexity, communication complexity, computational complexity, lower bounds, randomness}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2020.9
Kernelizing the Hitting Set Problem in Linear Sequential and Constant Parallel Time

Authors: Max Bannach, Malte Skambath, and Till Tantau

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 162, 17th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2020)

Abstract
We analyze a reduction rule for computing kernels for the hitting set problem: In a hypergraph, the link of a set c of vertices consists of all edges that are supersets of c. We call such a set critical if its link has certain easy-to-check size properties. The rule states that the link of a critical c can be replaced by c. It is known that a simple linear-time algorithm for computing hitting set kernels (number of edges) at most k^d (k is the hitting set size, d is the maximum edge size) can be derived from this rule. We parallelize this algorithm and obtain the first AC⁰ kernel algorithm that outputs polynomial-size kernels. Previously, such algorithms were not even known for artificial problems. An interesting application of our methods lies in traditional, non-parameterized approximation theory: Our results imply that uniform AC⁰-circuits can compute a hitting set whose size is polynomial in the size of an optimal hitting set.
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Max Bannach, Malte Skambath, and Till Tantau. Kernelizing the Hitting Set Problem in Linear Sequential and Constant Parallel Time. In 17th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 162, pp. 9:1-9:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{bannach_et_al:LIPIcs.SWAT.2020.9,
  author =	{Bannach, Max and Skambath, Malte and Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{Kernelizing the Hitting Set Problem in Linear Sequential and Constant Parallel Time}},
  booktitle =	{17th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2020)},
  pages =	{9:1--9:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-150-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{162},
  editor =	{Albers, Susanne},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2020.9},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-122566},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2020.9},
  annote =	{Keywords: Kernelization, Approximation, Hitting Set, Constant-Depth Circuits}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2020.36
Dynamic Complexity Meets Parameterised Algorithms

Authors: Jonas Schmidt, Thomas Schwentick, Nils Vortmeier, Thomas Zeume, and Ioannis Kokkinis

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 152, 28th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2020)

Abstract
Dynamic Complexity studies the maintainability of queries with logical formulas in a setting where the underlying structure or database changes over time. Most often, these formulas are from first-order logic, giving rise to the dynamic complexity class DynFO. This paper investigates extensions of DynFO in the spirit of parameterised algorithms. In this setting structures come with a parameter k and the extensions allow additional "space" of size f(k) (in the form of an additional structure of this size) or additional time f(k) (in the form of iterations of formulas) or both. The resulting classes are compared with their non-dynamic counterparts and other classes. The main part of the paper explores the applicability of methods for parameterised algorithms to this setting through case studies for various well-known parameterised problems.
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Jonas Schmidt, Thomas Schwentick, Nils Vortmeier, Thomas Zeume, and Ioannis Kokkinis. Dynamic Complexity Meets Parameterised Algorithms. In 28th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 152, pp. 36:1-36:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{schmidt_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2020.36,
  author =	{Schmidt, Jonas and Schwentick, Thomas and Vortmeier, Nils and Zeume, Thomas and Kokkinis, Ioannis},
  title =	{{Dynamic Complexity Meets Parameterised Algorithms}},
  booktitle =	{28th EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL 2020)},
  pages =	{36:1--36:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-132-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{152},
  editor =	{Fern\'{a}ndez, Maribel and Muscholl, Anca},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2020.36},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-116792},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2020.36},
  annote =	{Keywords: Dynamic complexity, parameterised complexity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.9.3.64
Computational Complexity of Discrete Problems (Dagstuhl Seminar 19121)

Authors: Anna Gál, Rahul Santhanam, and Till Tantau

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 3 (2019)

Abstract
The following report archives the presentations and activities of the March 2019 Dagstuhl Seminar 19121 "Computational Complexity of Discrete Problems". Section 1 summarizes the topics and some specific results offered in selected talks during the course of the week. Section 2 provides a table of contents, listing each of the talks given in alphabetical order. Section 3 contains the abstracts, indicating both the main reference and other relevant sources (where applicable) to allow the reader to investigate the topics further.
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Anna Gál, Rahul Santhanam, and Till Tantau. Computational Complexity of Discrete Problems (Dagstuhl Seminar 19121). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 3, pp. 64-82, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@Article{gal_et_al:DagRep.9.3.64,
  author =	{G\'{a}l, Anna and Santhanam, Rahul and Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{Computational Complexity of Discrete Problems (Dagstuhl Seminar 19121)}},
  pages =	{64--82},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{9},
  number =	{3},
  editor =	{G\'{a}l, Anna and Santhanam, Rahul and Tantau, Till},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.9.3.64},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-112920},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.9.3.64},
  annote =	{Keywords: circuit complexity, communication complexity, computational complexity, parametrisation, randomness}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.11
On the Descriptive Complexity of Color Coding

Authors: Max Bannach and Till Tantau

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 126, 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)

Abstract
Color coding is an algorithmic technique used in parameterized complexity theory to detect "small" structures inside graphs. The idea is to derandomize algorithms that first randomly color a graph and then search for an easily-detectable, small color pattern. We transfer color coding to the world of descriptive complexity theory by characterizing - purely in terms of the syntactic structure of describing formulas - when the powerful second-order quantifiers representing a random coloring can be replaced by equivalent, simple first-order formulas. Building on this result, we identify syntactic properties of first-order quantifiers that can be eliminated from formulas describing parameterized problems. The result applies to many packing and embedding problems, but also to the long path problem. Together with a new result on the parameterized complexity of formula families involving only a fixed number of variables, we get that many problems lie in fpt just because of the way they are commonly described using logical formulas.
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Max Bannach and Till Tantau. On the Descriptive Complexity of Color Coding. In 36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 126, pp. 11:1-11:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{bannach_et_al:LIPIcs.STACS.2019.11,
  author =	{Bannach, Max and Tantau, Till},
  title =	{{On the Descriptive Complexity of Color Coding}},
  booktitle =	{36th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2019)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:16},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-100-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{126},
  editor =	{Niedermeier, Rolf and Paul, Christophe},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-102509},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2019.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: color coding, descriptive complexity, fixed-parameter tractability, quantifier elimination, para-AC^0}
}
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