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On Problems Equivalent to (min,+)-Convolution

Authors Marek Cygan, Marcin Mucha, Karol Wegrzycki, Michal Wlodarczyk

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Marek Cygan
Marcin Mucha
Karol Wegrzycki
Michal Wlodarczyk

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Marek Cygan, Marcin Mucha, Karol Wegrzycki, and Michal Wlodarczyk. On Problems Equivalent to (min,+)-Convolution. In 44th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 80, pp. 22:1-22:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2017.22

Abstract

In the recent years, significant progress has been made in explaining apparent hardness of improving over naive solutions for many fundamental polynomially solvable problems. This came in the form of conditional lower bounds -- reductions from a problem assumed to be hard. These include 3SUM, All-Pairs Shortest Paths, SAT and Orthogonal Vectors, and others. In the (min,+)-convolution problem, the goal is to compute a sequence c, where c[k] = min_i a[i]+b[k-i], given sequences a and b. This can easily be done in O(n^2) time, but no O(n^{2-eps}) algorithm is known for eps > 0. In this paper we undertake a systematic study of the (min,+)-convolution problem as a hardness assumption. As the first step, we establish equivalence of this problem to a group of other problems, including variants of the classic knapsack problem and problems related to subadditive sequences. The (min,+)-convolution has been used as a building block in algorithms for many problems, notably problems in stringology. It has also already appeared as an ad hoc hardness assumption. We investigate some of these connections and provide new reductions and other results.
Keywords
  • fine-grained complexity
  • knapsack
  • conditional lower bounds
  • (min,+)-convolution
  • subquadratic equivalence

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