The problem of fair division – dividing goods or "bads" (e.g., costs) among entities in an impartial and equitable way – is one of the most important problems that society faces. A Google search on the phrase "fair allocation" returns over 100K links, referring to the division of sports tickets, health resources, computer networking resources, voting power, intellectual property licenses, costs of environmental improvements, etc.
@InProceedings{brams_et_al:DagSemProc.07261.2, author = {Brams, Steven J. and Pruhs, Kirk}, title = {{07261 Summary – Fair Division}}, booktitle = {Fair Division}, pages = {1--3}, series = {Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)}, ISSN = {1862-4405}, year = {2007}, volume = {7261}, editor = {Steven Brams and Kirk Pruhs and Gerhard Woeginger}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.07261.2}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-12434}, doi = {10.4230/DagSemProc.07261.2}, annote = {Keywords: Economics, Fairness, Allocation, Political Science} }
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