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Black-Box Identity Testing of Noncommutative Rational Formulas of Inversion Height Two in Deterministic Quasipolynomial Time

Authors V. Arvind, Abhranil Chatterjee, Partha Mukhopadhyay

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ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Algebraic complexity theory
  • Theory of computation
Keywords
  • Rational Identity Testing
  • Black-box Derandomization
  • Cyclic Division Algebra
  • Matrix coefficient realization theory

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Abstract

Hrubeš and Wigderson [Hrubeš and Wigderson, 2015] initiated the complexity-theoretic study of noncommutative formulas with inverse gates. They introduced the Rational Identity Testing (RIT) problem which is to decide whether a noncommutative rational formula computes zero in the free skew field. In the white-box setting, there are deterministic polynomial-time algorithms due to Garg, Gurvits, Oliveira, and Wigderson [Ankit Garg et al., 2016] and Ivanyos, Qiao, and Subrahmanyam [Ivanyos et al., 2018].
A central open problem in this area is to design an efficient deterministic black-box identity testing algorithm for rational formulas. In this paper, we solve this for the first nested inverse case. More precisely, we obtain a deterministic quasipolynomial-time black-box RIT algorithm for noncommutative rational formulas of inversion height two via a hitting set construction. Several new technical ideas are involved in the hitting set construction, including concepts from matrix coefficient realization theory [Volčič, 2018] and properties of cyclic division algebras [T.Y. Lam, 2001]. En route to the proof, an important step is to embed the hitting set of Forbes and Shpilka for noncommutative formulas [Michael A. Forbes and Amir Shpilka, 2013] inside a cyclic division algebra of small index.

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V. Arvind, Abhranil Chatterjee, and Partha Mukhopadhyay. Black-Box Identity Testing of Noncommutative Rational Formulas of Inversion Height Two in Deterministic Quasipolynomial Time. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 245, pp. 23:1-23:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2022.23

Author Details

V. Arvind
  • The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, HBNI, Chennai, India
Abhranil Chatterjee
  • Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
Partha Mukhopadhyay
  • Chennai Mathematical Institute, India

Acknowledgements

We thank the anonymous reviewers of an earlier version for their valuable comments that have helped us to improve the presentation.

References

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