The following result for finite structures Gamma has been conjectured to hold for all countably infinite omega-categorical structures Gamma: either the model-complete core Delta of Gamma has an expansion by finitely many constants such that the pseudovariety generated by its polymorphism algebra contains a two-element algebra all of whose operations are projections, or there is a homomorphism f from Delta^k to Delta, for some finite k, and an automorphism alpha of Delta satisfying f(x1,...,xk) = alpha(f(x2,...,xk,x1)). This conjecture has been confirmed for all infinite structures Gamma that have a first-order definition over (Q;<), and for all structures that are definable over the random graph. In this paper, we verify the conjecture for all structures that are definable over an equivalence relation with a countably infinite number of countably infinite classes. Our result implies a complexity dichotomy (into NP-complete and P) for a family of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) which we call equivalence constraint satisfaction problems. The classification for equivalence CSPs can also be seen as a first step towards a classification of the CSPs for all relational structures that are first-order definable over Allen's interval algebra, a well-known constraint calculus in temporal reasoning.
@InProceedings{bodirsky_et_al:LIPIcs.CSL.2012.122, author = {Bodirsky, Manuel and Wrona, Michal}, title = {{Equivalence Constraint Satisfaction Problems}}, booktitle = {Computer Science Logic (CSL'12) - 26th International Workshop/21st Annual Conference of the EACSL}, pages = {122--136}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-939897-42-2}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2012}, volume = {16}, editor = {C\'{e}gielski, Patrick and Durand, Arnaud}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2012.122}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-36689}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2012.122}, annote = {Keywords: Constraint satisfaction problems, universal algebra, model theory, Ram- sey theory, temporal reasoning, computational complexity} }
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