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Virtual Timing Isolation for Mixed-Criticality Systems

Authors Johannes Freitag, Sascha Uhrig, Theo Ungerer

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LIPIcs.ECRTS.2018.13.pdf
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Author Details

Johannes Freitag
  • Airbus, Munich, Germany
Sascha Uhrig
  • Airbus, Munich, Germany
Theo Ungerer
  • University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

Funding

This work was partially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the project ARAMiS II with the funding ID 01IS16025Q and the ARTEMIS Joint Undertaking under grant agreement 621429 (EMC2).

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Johannes Freitag, Sascha Uhrig, and Theo Ungerer. Virtual Timing Isolation for Mixed-Criticality Systems. In 30th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 106, pp. 13:1-13:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2018.13

Abstract

Commercial of the shelf multicore processors suffer from timing interferences between cores which complicates applying them in hard real-time systems like avionic applications. This paper proposes a virtual timing isolation of one main application running on one core from all other cores. The proposed technique is based on hardware external to the multicore processor and completely transparent to the main application i.e., no modifications of the software including the operating system are necessary. The basic idea is to apply a single-core execution based Worst Case Execution Time analysis and to accept a predefined slowdown during multicore execution. If the slowdown exceeds the acceptable bounds, interferences will be reduced by controlling the behavior of low-critical cores to keep the main application's progress inside the given bounds. Apart from the main goal of isolating the timing of the critical application a subgoal is also to efficiently use the other cores. For that purpose, three different mechanisms for controlling the non-critical cores are compared regarding efficient usage of the complete processor.
Measuring the progress of the main application is performed by tracking the application's Fingerprint. This technology quantifies online any slowdown of execution compared to a given baseline (single-core execution). Several countermeasures to compensate unacceptable slowdowns are proposed and evaluated in this paper, together with an accuracy evaluation of the Fingerprinting. Our evaluations using the TACLeBench benchmark suite show that we can meet a given acceptable timing bound of 4 percent slowdown with a resulting real slowdown of only 3.27 percent in case of a pulse width modulated control and of 4.44 percent in the case of a frequency scaling control.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Computer systems organization → Real-time systems
  • Computer systems organization → Embedded and cyber-physical systems
  • Computer systems organization → Reliability
Keywords
  • multicore
  • hard real-time systems
  • timing isolation
  • safety-critical systems
  • mixed-criticality design and assurance

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