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Optimizing a Non-Deterministic Abstract Machine with Environments

Authors Małgorzata Biernacka, Dariusz Biernacki, Sergueï Lenglet, Alan Schmitt

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ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Abstract machines
Keywords
  • Abstract machine
  • Explicit substitutions
  • Refocusing

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Abstract

Non-deterministic abstract machine (NDAM) is a recent implementation model for programming languages where one must choose among several redexes at each reduction step, like process calculi. These machines can be derived from a zipper semantics, a mix between structural operational semantics and context-based reduction semantics. Such a machine has been generated also for the λ-calculus without a fixed reduction strategy, i.e., with the full non-deterministic β-reduction. 
In that machine, substitution is an external operation that replaces all the occurrences of a variable at once. Implementing substitution with environments is more low-level and more efficient as variables are replaced only when needed. In this paper, we define a NDAM with environments for the λ-calculus without a fixed reduction strategy. We also introduce other optimizations, including a form of refocusing, and we show that we can restrict our optimized NDAM to recover some of the usual λ-calculus machines, e.g., the Krivine Abstract Machine. Most of the improvements we propose in this work could be applied to other NDAMs as well.

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Małgorzata Biernacka, Dariusz Biernacki, Sergueï Lenglet, and Alan Schmitt. Optimizing a Non-Deterministic Abstract Machine with Environments. In 9th International Conference on Formal Structures for Computation and Deduction (FSCD 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 299, pp. 11:1-11:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSCD.2024.11

Author Details

Małgorzata Biernacka
  • Institute of Computer Science, University of Wrocław, Poland
Dariusz Biernacki
  • Institute of Computer Science, University of Wrocław, Poland
Sergueï Lenglet
  • Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
  • Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, France
Alan Schmitt
  • INRIA, France

Funding

This work is partially funded by the National Science Centre of Poland under grant no. 2019/33/B/ST6/00289, and PHC Polonium.

Acknowledgements

We thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments.

Supplementary Materials

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