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Faster Algorithms for All-Pairs Bounded Min-Cuts

Authors Amir Abboud, Loukas Georgiadis, Giuseppe F. Italiano, Robert Krauthgamer, Nikos Parotsidis, Ohad Trabelsi, Przemysław Uznański, Daniel Wolleb-Graf

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Author Details

Amir Abboud
  • IBM Almaden Research Center, California, USA
Loukas Georgiadis
  • University of Ioannina, Greece
Giuseppe F. Italiano
  • LUISS University, Rome, Italy
Robert Krauthgamer
  • Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Nikos Parotsidis
  • University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Ohad Trabelsi
  • Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
Przemysław Uznański
  • University of Wrocław, Poland
Daniel Wolleb-Graf
  • ETH Zürich, Switzerland

Funding

  • Krauthgamer, Robert: Work supported in part by ONR Award N00014-18-1-2364, Israel Science Foundation grant #1086/18, a Minerva Foundation grant, and a Google Faculty Research Award.
  • Parotsidis, Nikos: The author is supported by Grant Number 16582, Basic Algorithms Research Copenhagen (BARC), from the VILLUM Foundation.
  • Trabelsi, Ohad: Work partly done at IBM Almaden Research Center, USA.

Acknowledgements

We thank Paweł Gawrychowski, Mohsen Ghaffari, Atri Rudra and Peter Widmayer for the valuable discussions on this problem.

Cite AsGet BibTex

Amir Abboud, Loukas Georgiadis, Giuseppe F. Italiano, Robert Krauthgamer, Nikos Parotsidis, Ohad Trabelsi, Przemysław Uznański, and Daniel Wolleb-Graf. Faster Algorithms for All-Pairs Bounded Min-Cuts. In 46th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 132, pp. 7:1-7:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2019.7

Abstract

The All-Pairs Min-Cut problem (aka All-Pairs Max-Flow) asks to compute a minimum s-t cut (or just its value) for all pairs of vertices s,t. We study this problem in directed graphs with unit edge/vertex capacities (corresponding to edge/vertex connectivity). Our focus is on the k-bounded case, where the algorithm has to find all pairs with min-cut value less than k, and report only those. The most basic case k=1 is the Transitive Closure (TC) problem, which can be solved in graphs with n vertices and m edges in time O(mn) combinatorially, and in time O(n^{omega}) where omega<2.38 is the matrix-multiplication exponent. These time bounds are conjectured to be optimal. We present new algorithms and conditional lower bounds that advance the frontier for larger k, as follows: - A randomized algorithm for vertex capacities that runs in time {O}((nk)^{omega}). This is only a factor k^omega away from the TC bound, and nearly matches it for all k=n^{o(1)}. - Two deterministic algorithms for edge capacities (which is more general) that work in DAGs and further reports a minimum cut for each pair. The first algorithm is combinatorial (does not involve matrix multiplication) and runs in time {O}(2^{{O}(k^2)}* mn). The second algorithm can be faster on dense DAGs and runs in time {O}((k log n)^{4^{k+o(k)}}* n^{omega}). Previously, Georgiadis et al. [ICALP 2017], could match the TC bound (up to n^{o(1)} factors) only when k=2, and now our two algorithms match it for all k=o(sqrt{log n}) and k=o(log log n). - The first super-cubic lower bound of n^{omega-1-o(1)} k^2 time under the 4-Clique conjecture, which holds even in the simplest case of DAGs with unit vertex capacities. It improves on the previous (SETH-based) lower bounds even in the unbounded setting k=n. For combinatorial algorithms, our reduction implies an n^{2-o(1)} k^2 conditional lower bound. Thus, we identify new settings where the complexity of the problem is (conditionally) higher than that of TC. Our three sets of results are obtained via different techniques. The first one adapts the network coding method of Cheung, Lau, and Leung [SICOMP 2013] to vertex-capacitated digraphs. The second set exploits new insights on the structure of latest cuts together with suitable algebraic tools. The lower bounds arise from a novel reduction of a different structure than the SETH-based constructions.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Graph algorithms analysis
  • Theory of computation → Network flows
Keywords
  • All-pairs min-cut
  • k-reachability
  • network coding
  • Directed graphs
  • fine-grained complexity

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