d-Multiplicative Secret Sharing for Multipartite Adversary Structures

Authors Reo Eriguchi, Noboru Kunihiro



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Reo Eriguchi
  • Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Noboru Kunihiro
  • Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan

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Reo Eriguchi and Noboru Kunihiro. d-Multiplicative Secret Sharing for Multipartite Adversary Structures. In 1st Conference on Information-Theoretic Cryptography (ITC 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 163, pp. 2:1-2:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITC.2020.2

Abstract

Secret sharing schemes are said to be d-multiplicative if the i-th shares of any d secrets s^(j), j∈[d] can be converted into an additive share of the product ∏_{j∈[d]}s^(j). d-Multiplicative secret sharing is a central building block of multiparty computation protocols with minimum number of rounds which are unconditionally secure against possibly non-threshold adversaries. It is known that d-multiplicative secret sharing is possible if and only if no d forbidden subsets covers the set of all the n players or, equivalently, it is private with respect to an adversary structure of type Q_d. However, the only known method to achieve d-multiplicativity for any adversary structure of type Q_d is based on CNF secret sharing schemes, which are not efficient in general in that the information ratios are exponential in n. In this paper, we explicitly construct a d-multiplicative secret sharing scheme for any 𝓁-partite adversary structure of type Q_d whose information ratio is O(n^{𝓁+1}). Our schemes are applicable to the class of all the 𝓁-partite adversary structures, which is much wider than that of the threshold ones. Furthermore, our schemes achieve information ratios which are polynomial in n if 𝓁 is constant and hence are more efficient than CNF schemes. In addition, based on the standard embedding of 𝓁-partite adversary structures into ℝ^𝓁, we introduce a class of 𝓁-partite adversary structures of type Q_d with good geometric properties and show that there exist more efficient d-multiplicative secret sharing schemes for adversary structures in that family than the above general construction. The family of adversary structures is a natural generalization of that of the threshold ones and includes some adversary structures which arise in real-world scenarios.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Security and privacy → Information-theoretic techniques
Keywords
  • Secret sharing scheme
  • multiplicative secret sharing scheme
  • multipartite adversary structure

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