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Formalization of Basic Combinatorics on Words

Authors Štěpán Holub , Štěpán Starosta

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Author Details

Štěpán Holub
  • Department of Algebra, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Štěpán Starosta
  • Dept. of Applied Math., Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic

Funding

The authors acknowledge support by the Czech Science Foundation grant GAČR 20-20621S.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Manuel Eberl for useful suggestions concerning formalization. We are also grateful to anonymous referees whose criticism helped to improve the presentation significantly.

Cite AsGet BibTex

Štěpán Holub and Štěpán Starosta. Formalization of Basic Combinatorics on Words. In 12th International Conference on Interactive Theorem Proving (ITP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 193, pp. 22:1-22:17, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITP.2021.22

Abstract

Combinatorics on Words is a rather young domain encompassing the study of words and formal languages. An archetypal example of a task in Combinatorics on Words is to solve the equation x ⋅ y = y ⋅ x, i.e., to describe words that commute. This contribution contains formalization of three important classical results in Isabelle/HOL. Namely i) the Periodicity Lemma (a.k.a. the theorem of Fine and Wilf), including a construction of a word proving its optimality; ii) the solution of the equation x^a ⋅ y^b = z^c with 2 ≤ a,b,c, known as the Lyndon-Schützenberger Equation; and iii) the Graph Lemma, which yields a generic upper bound on the rank of a solution of a system of equations. The formalization of those results is based on an evolving toolkit of several hundred auxiliary results which provide for smooth reasoning within more complex tasks.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Mathematics of computing → Combinatorics on words
Keywords
  • combinatorics on words
  • formalization
  • Isabelle/HOL

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