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A Complexity Dichotomy for Permutation Pattern Matching on Grid Classes

Authors Vít Jelínek , Michal Opler , Jakub Pekárek

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Author Details

Vít Jelínek
  • Computer Science Institute, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Michal Opler
  • Computer Science Institute, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Jakub Pekárek
  • Department of Applied Mathematics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

Funding

Supported by the GAUK project 1766318.
  • Jelínek, Vít: Supported by project 18-19158S of the Czech Science Foundation.
  • Opler, Michal: Supported by project 18-19158S of the Czech Science Foundation.

Cite AsGet BibTex

Vít Jelínek, Michal Opler, and Jakub Pekárek. A Complexity Dichotomy for Permutation Pattern Matching on Grid Classes. In 45th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 170, pp. 52:1-52:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.MFCS.2020.52

Abstract

Permutation Pattern Matching (PPM) is the problem of deciding for a given pair of permutations π and τ whether the pattern π is contained in the text τ. Bose, Buss and Lubiw showed that PPM is NP-complete. In view of this result, it is natural to ask how the situation changes when we restrict the pattern π to a fixed permutation class 𝒞; this is known as the 𝒞-Pattern PPM problem. There have been several results in this direction, namely the work of Jelínek and Kynčl who completely resolved the hardness of 𝒞-Pattern PPM when 𝒞 is taken to be the class of σ-avoiding permutations for some σ. Grid classes are special kind of permutation classes, consisting of permutations admitting a grid-like decomposition into simpler building blocks. Of particular interest are the so-called monotone grid classes, in which each building block is a monotone sequence. Recently, it has been discovered that grid classes, especially the monotone ones, play a fundamental role in the understanding of the structure of general permutation classes. This motivates us to study the hardness of 𝒞-Pattern PPM for a (monotone) grid class 𝒞. We provide a complexity dichotomy for 𝒞-Pattern PPM when 𝒞 is taken to be a monotone grid class. Specifically, we show that the problem is polynomial-time solvable if a certain graph associated with 𝒞, called the cell graph, is a forest, and it is NP-complete otherwise. We further generalize our results to grid classes whose blocks belong to classes of bounded grid-width. We show that the 𝒞-Pattern PPM for such a grid class 𝒞 is polynomial-time solvable if the cell graph of 𝒞 avoids a cycle or a certain special type of path, and it is NP-complete otherwise.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Mathematics of computing → Permutations and combinations
  • Theory of computation → Pattern matching
  • Theory of computation → Problems, reductions and completeness
Keywords
  • permutations
  • pattern matching
  • grid classes

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