LIPIcs.STACS.2021.16.pdf
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Online Simple Knapsack with Reservation Costs
Authors
Hans-Joachim Böckenhauer 
,
Elisabet Burjons ,
Henri Lotze ,
Peter Rossmanith
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38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2021)
Series: Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)
Conference: Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS) - License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license
- Publication Date: 2021-03-10
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Acknowledgements
We want to thank the anonymous reviewers for pointing out imprecise formulations and helping to improve the overall quality of this work.
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Hans-Joachim Böckenhauer, Elisabet Burjons, Juraj Hromkovič, Henri Lotze, and Peter Rossmanith. Online Simple Knapsack with Reservation Costs. In 38th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 187, pp. 16:1-16:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.16
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2021.16
Abstract
In the Online Simple Knapsack Problem we are given a knapsack of unit size 1. Items of size smaller or equal to 1 are presented in an iterative fashion and an algorithm has to decide whether to permanently reject or include each item into the knapsack without any knowledge about the rest of the instance. The goal is then to pack the knapsack as full as possible. In this work, we introduce a third option additional to those of packing and rejecting an item, namely that of reserving an item for the cost of a fixed fraction α of its size. An algorithm may pay this fraction in order to postpone its decision on whether to include or reject the item until after the last item of the instance was presented.
While the classical Online Simple Knapsack Problem does not admit any constantly bounded competitive ratio in the deterministic setting, we find that adding the possibility of reservation makes the problem constantly competitive, with varying competitive ratios depending on the value of α. We give upper and lower bounds for the whole range of reservation costs, with tight bounds for costs up to 1/6 - an area that is strictly 2-competitive - , for costs between √2-1 and 1 - an area that is strictly (2+α)-competitive up to ϕ -1, and strictly 1/(1-α)-competitive above ϕ-1, where ϕ is the golden ratio.
With our analysis, we find a counterintuitive characteristic of the problem: Intuitively, one would expect that the possibility of rejecting items becomes more and more helpful for an online algorithm with growing reservation costs. However, for higher reservation costs above √2-1, an algorithm that is unable to reject any items tightly matches the lower bound and is thus the best possible. On the other hand, for any positive reservation cost smaller than 1/6, any algorithm that is unable to reject any items performs considerably worse than one that is able to reject.
Subject Classification
ACM Subject Classification
- Theory of computation → Online algorithms
Keywords
- Online problem
- Simple knapsack
- Reservation costs
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