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Sparse Euclidean Spanners with Tiny Diameter: A Tight Lower Bound

Authors Hung Le, Lazar Milenković, Shay Solomon

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ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Computational geometry
Keywords
  • Euclidean spanners
  • hop-diameter
  • inverse-Ackermann
  • lower bounds
  • sparse spanners

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Abstract

In STOC'95 [ADMSS95] Arya et al. showed that any set of n points in R^d admits a (1+ε)-spanner with hop-diameter at most 2 (respectively, 3) and O(n log n) edges (resp., O(n log log n) edges). They also gave a general upper bound tradeoff of hop-diameter at most k and O(n α_k(n)) edges, for any k≥2. The function α_k is the inverse of a certain Ackermann-style function at the ⌊k/2⌋th level of the primitive recursive hierarchy, where α₀(n)=⌈n/2⌉, α₁(n)=⌈√n⌉, α₂(n)=⌈log n⌉, α₃(n)=⌈log log n⌉, α₄(n)=log^* n, α₅(n)=⌊1/2 log^*n⌋, .... Roughly speaking, for k≥2 the function α_{k} is close to ⌊(k-2)/2⌋-iterated log-star function, i.e., log with ⌊(k-2)/2⌋ stars. Also, α_{2α(n)+4}(n)≤4, where α(n) is the one-parameter inverse Ackermann function, which is an extremely slowly growing function.
Whether or not this tradeoff is tight has remained open, even for the cases k=2 and k=3. Two lower bounds are known: The first applies only to spanners with stretch 1 and the second is sub-optimal and applies only to sufficiently large (constant) values of k. In this paper we prove a tight lower bound for any constant k: For any fixed ε>0, any (1+ε)-spanner for the uniform line metric with hop-diameter at most k must have at least Ω(n α_k(n)) edges.

Cite As Get BibTex

Hung Le, Lazar Milenković, and Shay Solomon. Sparse Euclidean Spanners with Tiny Diameter: A Tight Lower Bound. In 38th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 224, pp. 54:1-54:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2022.54

Author Details

Hung Le
  • University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
Lazar Milenković
  • Tel Aviv University, Israel
Shay Solomon
  • Tel Aviv University, Israel

Funding

  • Le, Hung: Supported by National Science Foundation under Grant No. CCF-2121952.
  • Milenković, Lazar: Partially supported by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) grant No.1991/1, and by a grant from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Israel, and the United States National Science Foundation (NSF).
  • Solomon, Shay: Supported by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) grant No.1991/1, and by a grant from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Israel, and the United States National Science Foundation (NSF).

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