A covering path for a planar point set is a path drawn in the plane with straight-line edges such that every point lies at a vertex or on an edge of the path. A covering tree is defined analogously. Let π(n) be the minimum number such that every set of n points in the plane can be covered by a noncrossing path with at most π(n) edges. Let τ(n) be the analogous number for noncrossing covering trees. Dumitrescu, Gerbner, Keszegh, and Tóth (Discrete & Computational Geometry, 2014) established the following inequalities: 5n/9 - O(1) < π(n) < (1-1/601080391)n, and 9n/17 - O(1) < τ(n) ⩽ ⌊5n/6⌋. We report the following improved upper bounds: π(n) ⩽ (1-1/22)n, and τ(n) ⩽ ⌈4n/5⌉. In the same context we study rainbow polygons. For a set of colored points in the plane, a perfect rainbow polygon is a simple polygon that contains exactly one point of each color in its interior or on its boundary. Let ρ(k) be the minimum number such that every k-colored point set in the plane admits a perfect rainbow polygon of size ρ(k). Flores-Peñaloza, Kano, Martínez-Sandoval, Orden, Tejel, Tóth, Urrutia, and Vogtenhuber (Discrete Mathematics, 2021) proved that 20k/19 - O(1) < ρ(k) < 10k/7 + O(1). We report the improved upper bound of ρ(k) < 7k/5 + O(1). To obtain the improved bounds we present simple O(nlog n)-time algorithms that achieve paths, trees, and polygons with our desired number of edges.
@InProceedings{biniaz:LIPIcs.SoCG.2023.19, author = {Biniaz, Ahmad}, title = {{Improved Bounds for Covering Paths and Trees in the Plane}}, booktitle = {39th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2023)}, pages = {19:1--19:15}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-273-0}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2023}, volume = {258}, editor = {Chambers, Erin W. and Gudmundsson, Joachim}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2023.19}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-178696}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2023.19}, annote = {Keywords: planar point sets, covering paths, covering trees, rainbow polygons} }
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