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A Structural Approach to Tree Decompositions of Knots and Spatial Graphs

Authors Corentin Lunel, Arnaud de Mesmay

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Author Details

Corentin Lunel
  • LIGM, CNRS, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, ESIEE Paris, F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
Arnaud de Mesmay
  • LIGM, CNRS, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, ESIEE Paris, F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France

Funding

This work was partially supported by the ANR project SoS (ANR-17-CE40-0033).

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Pierre Dehornoy and Saul Schleimer for helpful discussions, and the anonymous reviewers for their feedback which allowed us to significantly improve the paper.

Cite AsGet BibTex

Corentin Lunel and Arnaud de Mesmay. A Structural Approach to Tree Decompositions of Knots and Spatial Graphs. In 39th International Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 258, pp. 50:1-50:16, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2023.50

Abstract

Knots are commonly represented and manipulated via diagrams, which are decorated planar graphs. When such a knot diagram has low treewidth, parameterized graph algorithms can be leveraged to ensure the fast computation of many invariants and properties of the knot. It was recently proved that there exist knots which do not admit any diagram of low treewidth, and the proof relied on intricate low-dimensional topology techniques. In this work, we initiate a thorough investigation of tree decompositions of knot diagrams (or more generally, diagrams of spatial graphs) using ideas from structural graph theory. We define an obstruction on spatial embeddings that forbids low tree width diagrams, and we prove that it is optimal with respect to a related width invariant. We then show the existence of this obstruction for knots of high representativity, which include for example torus knots, providing a new and self-contained proof that those do not admit diagrams of low treewidth. This last step is inspired by a result of Pardon on knot distortion.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Computational geometry
  • Mathematics of computing → Geometric topology
Keywords
  • Knots
  • Spatial Graphs
  • Tree Decompositions
  • Tangle
  • Representativity

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