Gene transfer between the mitochondrial and nuclear genome of the same species, called endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT), is a mechanism which has largely shaped gene contents in eukaryotes since a unique ancestral endosymbiotic event know to be at the origin of all mitochondria. The gene tree-species tree reconciliation model has been recently extended to account for EGTs: given a binary gene tree and a binary species tree, the EndoRex software outputs an optimal DLE-Reconciliation, that is an embedding of the gene tree into the species tree inducing a most parsimonious history of Duplications, Losses and EGT events. Here, we provide the first algorithmic study for DLE-Reconciliation in the case of a multifurcated (non-binary) gene tree. We present a general two-steps method: first, ignoring the mitochondrial-nuclear (or 0-1) labeling of leaves, output a binary resolution minimizing the DL-Reconciliation and, for each resolution, assign a known number of 0s and 1s to the leaves in a way minimizing EGT events. While Step 1 corresponds to the well studied non-binary DL-Reconciliation problem, the complexity of the formal label assignment problem related to Step 2 is unknown. Here, we show it is NP-complete even for a single polytomy (non-binary node). We then provide a heuristic which is exact for the unitary cost of operations, and a polynomial-time algorithm for solving a polytomy in the special case where genes are specific to a single genome (mitochondrial or nuclear) in all but one species.
@InProceedings{gascon_et_al:LIPIcs.WABI.2022.5, author = {Gascon, Mathieu and El-Mabrouk, Nadia}, title = {{Non-Binary Tree Reconciliation with Endosymbiotic Gene Transfer}}, booktitle = {22nd International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2022)}, pages = {5:1--5:20}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-243-3}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2022}, volume = {242}, editor = {Boucher, Christina and Rahmann, Sven}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2022.5}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-170390}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2022.5}, annote = {Keywords: Reconciliation, Duplication, Endosymbiotic gene transfer, Multifurcated gene tree, Polytomy} }
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