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Documents authored by Chuzhoy, Julia

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.38
A New Conjecture on Hardness of 2-CSP’s with Implications to Hardness of Densest k-Subgraph and Other Problems

Authors: Julia Chuzhoy, Mina Dalirrooyfard, Vadim Grinberg, and Zihan Tan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 251, 14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023)

Abstract
We propose a new conjecture on hardness of 2-CSP’s, and show that new hardness of approximation results for Densest k-Subgraph and several other problems, including a graph partitioning problem, and a variation of the Graph Crossing Number problem, follow from this conjecture. The conjecture can be viewed as occupying a middle ground between the d-to-1 conjecture, and hardness results for 2-CSP’s that can be obtained via standard techniques, such as Parallel Repetition combined with standard 2-prover protocols for the 3SAT problem. We hope that this work will motivate further exploration of hardness of 2-CSP’s in the regimes arising from the conjecture. We believe that a positive resolution of the conjecture will provide a good starting point for other hardness of approximation proofs. Another contribution of our work is proving that the problems that we consider are roughly equivalent from the approximation perspective. Some of these problems arose in previous work, from which it appeared that they may be related to each other. We formalize this relationship in this work.
Cite as

Julia Chuzhoy, Mina Dalirrooyfard, Vadim Grinberg, and Zihan Tan. A New Conjecture on Hardness of 2-CSP’s with Implications to Hardness of Densest k-Subgraph and Other Problems. In 14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 251, pp. 38:1-38:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{chuzhoy_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.38,
  author =	{Chuzhoy, Julia and Dalirrooyfard, Mina and Grinberg, Vadim and Tan, Zihan},
  title =	{{A New Conjecture on Hardness of 2-CSP’s with Implications to Hardness of Densest k-Subgraph and Other Problems}},
  booktitle =	{14th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2023)},
  pages =	{38:1--38:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-263-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{251},
  editor =	{Tauman Kalai, Yael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.38},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-175411},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2023.38},
  annote =	{Keywords: Hardness of Approximation, Densest k-Subgraph}
}
Document
APPROX
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.33
Pinning down the Strong Wilber 1 Bound for Binary Search Trees

Authors: Parinya Chalermsook, Julia Chuzhoy, and Thatchaphol Saranurak

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 176, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020)

Abstract
The dynamic optimality conjecture, postulating the existence of an O(1)-competitive online algorithm for binary search trees (BSTs), is among the most fundamental open problems in dynamic data structures. Despite extensive work and some notable progress, including, for example, the Tango Trees (Demaine et al., FOCS 2004), that give the best currently known O(log log n)-competitive algorithm, the conjecture remains widely open. One of the main hurdles towards settling the conjecture is that we currently do not have approximation algorithms achieving better than an O(log log n)-approximation, even in the offline setting. All known non-trivial algorithms for BST’s so far rely on comparing the algorithm’s cost with the so-called Wilber’s first bound (WB-1). Therefore, establishing the worst-case relationship between this bound and the optimal solution cost appears crucial for further progress, and it is an interesting open question in its own right. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we show that the gap between the WB-1 bound and the optimal solution value can be as large as Ω(log log n/ log log log n); in fact, we show that the gap holds even for several stronger variants of the bound. Second, we provide a simple algorithm, that, given an integer D > 0, obtains an O(D)-approximation in time exp (O (n^{1/2^{Ω(D)}}log n)). In particular, this yields a constant-factor approximation algorithm with sub-exponential running time. Moreover, we obtain a simpler and cleaner efficient O(log log n)-approximation algorithm that can be used in an online setting. Finally, we suggest a new bound, that we call the Guillotine Bound, that is stronger than WB-1, while maintaining its algorithm-friendly nature, that we hope will lead to better algorithms. All our results use the geometric interpretation of the problem, leading to cleaner and simpler analysis.
Cite as

Parinya Chalermsook, Julia Chuzhoy, and Thatchaphol Saranurak. Pinning down the Strong Wilber 1 Bound for Binary Search Trees. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 176, pp. 33:1-33:21, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{chalermsook_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.33,
  author =	{Chalermsook, Parinya and Chuzhoy, Julia and Saranurak, Thatchaphol},
  title =	{{Pinning down the Strong Wilber 1 Bound for Binary Search Trees}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2020)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:21},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-164-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{176},
  editor =	{Byrka, Jaros{\l}aw and Meka, Raghu},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-126368},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2020.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: Binary search trees, Dynamic optimality, Wilber bounds}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.33
On Packing Low-Diameter Spanning Trees

Authors: Julia Chuzhoy, Merav Parter, and Zihan Tan

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 168, 47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)

Abstract
Edge connectivity of a graph is one of the most fundamental graph-theoretic concepts. The celebrated tree packing theorem of Tutte and Nash-Williams from 1961 states that every k-edge connected graph G contains a collection 𝒯 of ⌊k/2⌋ edge-disjoint spanning trees, that we refer to as a tree packing; the diameter of the tree packing 𝒯 is the largest diameter of any tree in 𝒯. A desirable property of a tree packing for leveraging the high connectivity of a graph in distributed communication networks, is that its diameter is low. Yet, despite extensive research in this area, it is still unclear how to compute a tree packing of a low-diameter graph G, whose diameter is sublinear in |V(G)|, or, alternatively, how to show that such a packing does not exist. In this paper, we provide first non-trivial upper and lower bounds on the diameter of tree packing. We start by showing that, for every k-edge connected n-vertex graph G of diameter D, there is a tree packing 𝒯 containing Ω(k) trees, of diameter O((101k log n)^D), with edge-congestion at most 2. Karger’s edge sampling technique demonstrates that, if G is a k-edge connected graph, and G[p] is a subgraph of G obtained by sampling each edge of G independently with probability p = Θ(log n/k), then with high probability G[p] is connected. We extend this result to show that the diameter of G[p] is bounded by O(k^(D(D+1)/2)) with high probability. This immediately gives a tree packing of Ω(k/log n) edge-disjoint trees of diameter at most O(k^(D(D+1)/2)). We also show that these two results are nearly tight for graphs with a small diameter: we show that there are k-edge connected graphs of diameter 2D, such that any packing of k/α trees with edge-congestion η contains at least one tree of diameter Ω((k/(2α η D))^D), for any k,α and η. Additionally, we show that if, for every pair u,v of vertices of a given graph G, there is a collection of k edge-disjoint paths connecting u to v, of length at most D each, then we can efficiently compute a tree packing of size k, diameter O(D log n), and edge-congestion O(log n). Finally, we provide several applications of low-diameter tree packing in the distributed settings of network optimization and secure computation.
Cite as

Julia Chuzhoy, Merav Parter, and Zihan Tan. On Packing Low-Diameter Spanning Trees. In 47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 168, pp. 33:1-33:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{chuzhoy_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.33,
  author =	{Chuzhoy, Julia and Parter, Merav and Tan, Zihan},
  title =	{{On Packing Low-Diameter Spanning Trees}},
  booktitle =	{47th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2020)},
  pages =	{33:1--33:18},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-138-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{168},
  editor =	{Czumaj, Artur and Dawar, Anuj and Merelli, Emanuela},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-124405},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2020.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: Spanning tree, packing, edge-connectivity}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.38
Improved Approximation for Node-Disjoint Paths in Grids with Sources on the Boundary

Authors: Julia Chuzhoy, David H. K. Kim, and Rachit Nimavat

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 107, 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)

Abstract
We study the classical Node-Disjoint Paths (NDP) problem: given an undirected n-vertex graph G, together with a set {(s_1,t_1),...,(s_k,t_k)} of pairs of its vertices, called source-destination, or demand pairs, find a maximum-cardinality set {P} of mutually node-disjoint paths that connect the demand pairs. The best current approximation for the problem is achieved by a simple greedy O(sqrt{n})-approximation algorithm. Until recently, the best negative result was an Omega(log^{1/2-epsilon}n)-hardness of approximation, for any fixed epsilon, under standard complexity assumptions. A special case of the problem, where the underlying graph is a grid, has been studied extensively. The best current approximation algorithm for this special case achieves an O~(n^{1/4})-approximation factor. On the negative side, a recent result by the authors shows that NDP is hard to approximate to within factor 2^{Omega(sqrt{log n})}, even if the underlying graph is a subgraph of a grid, and all source vertices lie on the grid boundary. In a very recent follow-up work, the authors further show that NDP in grid graphs is hard to approximate to within factor Omega(2^{log^{1-epsilon}n}) for any constant epsilon under standard complexity assumptions, and to within factor n^{Omega(1/(log log n)^2)} under randomized ETH. In this paper we study the NDP problem in grid graphs, where all source vertices {s_1,...,s_k} appear on the grid boundary. Our main result is an efficient randomized 2^{O(sqrt{log n}* log log n)}-approximation algorithm for this problem. Our result in a sense complements the 2^{Omega(sqrt{log n})}-hardness of approximation for sub-graphs of grids with sources lying on the grid boundary, and should be contrasted with the above-mentioned almost polynomial hardness of approximation of NDP in grid graphs (where the sources and the destinations may lie anywhere in the grid). Much of the work on approximation algorithms for NDP relies on the multicommodity flow relaxation of the problem, which is known to have an Omega(sqrt n) integrality gap, even in grid graphs, with all source and destination vertices lying on the grid boundary. Our work departs from this paradigm, and uses a (completely different) linear program only to select the pairs to be routed, while the routing itself is computed by other methods.
Cite as

Julia Chuzhoy, David H. K. Kim, and Rachit Nimavat. Improved Approximation for Node-Disjoint Paths in Grids with Sources on the Boundary. In 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 107, pp. 38:1-38:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{chuzhoy_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.38,
  author =	{Chuzhoy, Julia and Kim, David H. K. and Nimavat, Rachit},
  title =	{{Improved Approximation for Node-Disjoint Paths in Grids with Sources on the Boundary}},
  booktitle =	{45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018)},
  pages =	{38:1--38:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-076-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{107},
  editor =	{Chatzigiannakis, Ioannis and Kaklamanis, Christos and Marx, D\'{a}niel and Sannella, Donald},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.38},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-90423},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2018.38},
  annote =	{Keywords: Node-disjoint paths, approximation algorithms, routing and layout}
}
Document
Invited Talk
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2016.31
Excluded Grid Theorem: Improved and Simplified (Invited Talk)

Authors: Julia Chuzhoy

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 53, 15th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2016)

Abstract
One of the key results in Robertson and Seymour's seminal work on graph minors is the Excluded Grid Theorem. The theorem states that there is a function f, such that for every positive integer g, every graph whose treewidth is at least f(g) contains the (gxg)-grid as a minor. This theorem has found many applications in graph theory and algorithms. An important open question is establishing tight bounds on f(g) for which the theorem holds. Robertson and Seymour showed that f(g)>= \Omega(g^2 log g), and this remains the best current lower bound on f(g). Until recently, the best upper bound was super-exponential in g. In this talk, we will give an overview of a recent sequence of results, that has lead to the best current upper bound of f(g)=O(g^{19}polylog(g)). We will also survey some connections to algorithms for graph routing problems.
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Julia Chuzhoy. Excluded Grid Theorem: Improved and Simplified (Invited Talk). In 15th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 53, p. 31:1, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)

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@InProceedings{chuzhoy:LIPIcs.SWAT.2016.31,
  author =	{Chuzhoy, Julia},
  title =	{{Excluded Grid Theorem: Improved and Simplified}},
  booktitle =	{15th Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory (SWAT 2016)},
  pages =	{31:1--31:1},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-011-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{53},
  editor =	{Pagh, Rasmus},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2016.31},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-60546},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SWAT.2016.31},
  annote =	{Keywords: Graph Minor Theory, Excluded Grid Theorem, Graph Routing}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2015.187
On Approximating Node-Disjoint Paths in Grids

Authors: Julia Chuzhoy and David H. K. Kim

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 40, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2015)

Abstract
In the Node-Disjoint Paths (NDP) problem, the input is an undirected n-vertex graph G, and a collection {(s_1,t_1),...,(s_k,t_k)} of pairs of vertices called demand pairs. The goal is to route the largest possible number of the demand pairs (s_i,t_i), by selecting a path connecting each such pair, so that the resulting paths are node-disjoint. NDP is one of the most basic and extensively studied routing problems. Unfortunately, its approximability is far from being well-understood: the best current upper bound of O(sqrt(n)) is achieved via a simple greedy algorithm, while the best current lower bound on its approximability is Omega(log^{1/2-\delta}(n)) for any constant delta. Even for seemingly simpler special cases, such as planar graphs, and even grid graphs, no better approximation algorithms are currently known. A major reason for this impasse is that the standard technique for designing approximation algorithms for routing problems is LP-rounding of the standard multicommodity flow relaxation of the problem, whose integrality gap for NDP is Omega(sqrt(n)) even on grid graphs. Our main result is an O(n^{1/4} * log(n))-approximation algorithm for NDP on grids. We distinguish between demand pairs with both vertices close to the grid boundary, and pairs where at least one of the two vertices is far from the grid boundary. Our algorithm shows that when all demand pairs are of the latter type, the integrality gap of the multicommodity flow LP-relaxation is at most O(n^{1/4} * log(n)), and we deal with demand pairs of the former type by other methods. We complement our upper bounds by proving that NDP is APX-hard on grid graphs.
Cite as

Julia Chuzhoy and David H. K. Kim. On Approximating Node-Disjoint Paths in Grids. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2015). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 40, pp. 187-211, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2015)

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@InProceedings{chuzhoy_et_al:LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2015.187,
  author =	{Chuzhoy, Julia and Kim, David H. K.},
  title =	{{On Approximating Node-Disjoint Paths in Grids}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2015)},
  pages =	{187--211},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-89-7},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2015},
  volume =	{40},
  editor =	{Garg, Naveen and Jansen, Klaus and Rao, Anup and Rolim, Jos\'{e} D. P.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2015.187},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-53032},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2015.187},
  annote =	{Keywords: Node-disjoint paths, approximation algorithms, routing and layout}
}
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