Improved Hitting Set for Orbit of ROABPs

Authors Vishwas Bhargava, Sumanta Ghosh



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Author Details

Vishwas Bhargava
  • Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
Sumanta Ghosh
  • Department of Computer Science, IIT Bombay, India

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for useful comments that improved the presentation of the results.

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Vishwas Bhargava and Sumanta Ghosh. Improved Hitting Set for Orbit of ROABPs. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 207, pp. 30:1-30:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX/RANDOM.2021.30

Abstract

The orbit of an n-variate polynomial f(x) over a field 𝔽 is the set {f(Ax+b) ∣ A ∈ GL(n, 𝔽) and b ∈ 𝔽ⁿ}, and the orbit of a polynomial class is the union of orbits of all the polynomials in it. In this paper, we give improved constructions of hitting-sets for the orbit of read-once oblivious algebraic branching programs (ROABPs) and a related model. Over fields with characteristic zero or greater than d, we construct a hitting set of size (ndw)^{O(w²log n⋅ min{w², dlog w})} for the orbit of ROABPs in unknown variable order where d is the individual degree and w is the width of ROABPs. We also give a hitting set of size (ndw)^{O(min{w²,dlog w})} for the orbit of polynomials computed by w-width ROABPs in any variable order. Our hitting sets improve upon the results of Saha and Thankey [Chandan Saha and Bhargav Thankey, 2021] who gave an (ndw)^{O(dlog w)} size hitting set for the orbit of commutative ROABPs (a subclass of any-order ROABPs) and (nw)^{O(w⁶log n)} size hitting set for the orbit of multilinear ROABPs. Designing better hitting sets in large individual degree regime, for instance d > n, was asked as an open problem by [Chandan Saha and Bhargav Thankey, 2021] and this work solves it in small width setting. 
We prove some new rank concentration results by establishing low-cone concentration for the polynomials over vector spaces, and they strengthen some previously known low-support based rank concentrations shown in [Michael A. Forbes et al., 2013]. These new low-cone concentration results are crucial in our hitting set construction, and may be of independent interest. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time when low-cone rank concentration has been used for designing hitting sets.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Algebraic complexity theory
  • Computing methodologies → Algebraic algorithms
Keywords
  • Hitting Set
  • Low Cone Concentration
  • Orbits
  • PIT
  • ROABP

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