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On Indeterminate Strings Matching

Authors Paweł Gawrychowski, Samah Ghazawi, Gad M. Landau

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Author Details

Paweł Gawrychowski
  • Institute of Computer Science, University of Wrocław, Poland
Samah Ghazawi
  • Department of Computer Science, University of Haifa, Israel
Gad M. Landau
  • Department of Computer Science, University of Haifa, Israel
  • Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA

Funding

  • Ghazawi, Samah: Partially supported by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) grant 1475/18.
  • Landau, Gad M.: Partially supported by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) grant 1475/18, and the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) grant No. 2018141.

Cite AsGet BibTex

Paweł Gawrychowski, Samah Ghazawi, and Gad M. Landau. On Indeterminate Strings Matching. In 31st Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Pattern Matching (CPM 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 161, pp. 14:1-14:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.CPM.2020.14

Abstract

Given two indeterminate equal-length strings p and t with a set of characters per position in both strings, we obtain a determinate string p_w from p and a determinate string t_w from t by choosing one character per position. Then, we say that p and t match when p_w and t_w match for some choice of the characters. While the most standard notion of a match for determinate strings is that they are simply identical, in certain applications it is more appropriate to use other definitions, with the prime examples being parameterized matching, order-preserving matching, and the recently introduced Cartesian tree matching. We provide a systematic study of the complexity of string matching for indeterminate equal-length strings, for different notions of matching. We use n to denote the length of both strings, and r to be an upper-bound on the number of uncertain characters per position. First, we provide the first polynomial time algorithm for the Cartesian tree version that runs in deterministic 𝒪(nlog² n) and expected 𝒪(nlog nlog log n) time using 𝒪(nlog n) space, for constant r. Second, we establish NP-hardness of the order-preserving version for r=2, thus solving a question explicitly stated by Henriques et al. [CPM 2018], who showed hardness for r=3. Third, we establish NP-hardness of the parameterized version for r=2. As both parameterized and order-preserving indeterminate matching reduce to the standard determinate matching for r=1, this provides a complete classification for these three variants.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Pattern matching
Keywords
  • string matching
  • indeterminate strings
  • Cartesian trees
  • order-preserving matching
  • parameterized matching

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