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New Parameterized Algorithms for APSP in Directed Graphs

Authors Ely Porat, Eduard Shahbazian, Roei Tov

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Ely Porat
Eduard Shahbazian
Roei Tov

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Ely Porat, Eduard Shahbazian, and Roei Tov. New Parameterized Algorithms for APSP in Directed Graphs. In 24th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2016). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 57, pp. 72:1-72:13, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2016)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2016.72

Abstract

All Pairs Shortest Path (APSP) is a classic problem in graph theory. While for general weighted graphs there is no algorithm that computes APSP in O(n^{3-epsilon}) time (epsilon > 0), by using fast matrix multiplication algorithms, we can compute APSP in O(n^{omega}*log(n)) time (omega < 2.373) for undirected unweighted graphs, and in O(n^{2.5302}) time for directed unweighted graphs. In the current state of matters, there is a substantial gap between the upper bounds of the problem for undirected and directed graphs, and for a long time, it is remained an important open question whether it is possible to close this gap. In this paper we introduce a new parameter that measures the symmetry of directed graphs (i.e. their closeness to undirected graphs), and obtain a new parameterized APSP algorithm for directed unweighted graphs, that generalizes Seidel's O(n^{omega}*log(n)) time algorithm for undirected unweighted graphs. Given a directed unweighted graph G, unless it is highly asymmetric, our algorithms can compute APSP in o(n^{2.5}) time for G, providing for such graphs a faster APSP algorithm than the state-of-the-art algorithms for the problem.
Keywords
  • Graphs
  • distances
  • APSP
  • fast matrix multiplication

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