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Polyamorous Scheduling

Authors Leszek Gąsieniec , Benjamin Smith , Sebastian Wild

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Author Details

Leszek Gąsieniec
  • University of Liverpool, UK
Benjamin Smith
  • University of Liverpool, UK
Sebastian Wild
  • University of Liverpool, UK

Funding

  • Wild, Sebastian: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council grant EP/X039447/1.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Viktor Zamaraev for setting us on the right track with the chromatic-index problem, and for several fruitful initial discussions. We also wish to thank Casper Moldrup Rysgaard, Justin Dallant, and Oliver Kim for their helpful contributions; especially Casper, who acted as our rubber duck for a brutally unpolished version of the original hardness-of-approximation reduction.

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Leszek Gąsieniec, Benjamin Smith, and Sebastian Wild. Polyamorous Scheduling. In 12th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 291, pp. 15:1-15:18, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2024.15

Abstract

Finding schedules for pairwise meetings between the members of a complex social group without creating interpersonal conflict is challenging, especially when different relationships have different needs. We formally define and study the underlying optimisation problem: Polyamorous Scheduling. 
In Polyamorous Scheduling, we are given an edge-weighted graph and try to find a periodic schedule of matchings in this graph such that the maximal weighted waiting time between consecutive occurrences of the same edge is minimised. We show that the problem is NP-hard and that there is no efficient approximation algorithm with a better ratio than 4/3 unless P = NP. On the positive side, we obtain an O(log n)-approximation algorithm; indeed, an O(log Δ)-approximation for Δ the maximum degree, i.e., the largest number of relationships of any individual. We also define a generalisation of density from the Pinwheel Scheduling Problem, "poly density", and ask whether there exists a poly-density threshold similar to the 5/6-density threshold for Pinwheel Scheduling [Kawamura, STOC 2024]. Polyamorous Scheduling is a natural generalisation of Pinwheel Scheduling with respect to its optimisation variant, Bamboo Garden Trimming.
Our work contributes the first nontrivial hardness-of-approximation reduction for any periodic scheduling problem, and opens up numerous avenues for further study of Polyamorous Scheduling.

Subject Classification

ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Problems, reductions and completeness
  • Theory of computation → Scheduling algorithms
Keywords
  • Periodic scheduling
  • Pinwheel scheduling
  • Edge-coloring
  • Chromatic index
  • Approximation algorithms
  • Hardness of approximation

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