In this paper we study the problem of finding (ε, ϕ)-expander decompositions of a graph in the streaming model, in particular for dynamic streams of edge insertions and deletions. The goal is to partition the vertex set so that every component induces a ϕ-expander, while the number of inter-cluster edges is only an ε fraction of the total volume. It was recently shown that there exists a simple algorithm to construct a (O(ϕ log n), ϕ)-expander decomposition of an n-vertex graph using Õ(n/ϕ²) bits of space [Filtser, Kapralov, Makarov, ITCS'23]. This result calls for understanding the extent to which a dependence in space on the sparsity parameter ϕ is inherent. We move towards answering this question on two fronts. We prove that a (O(ϕ log n), ϕ)-expander decomposition can be found using Õ(n) space, for every ϕ. At the core of our result is the first streaming algorithm for computing boundary-linked expander decompositions, a recently introduced strengthening of the classical notion [Goranci et al., SODA'21]. The key advantage is that a classical sparsifier [Fung et al., STOC'11], with size independent of ϕ, preserves the cuts inside the clusters of a boundary-linked expander decomposition within a multiplicative error. Notable algorithmic applications use sequences of expander decompositions, in particular one often repeatedly computes a decomposition of the subgraph induced by the inter-cluster edges (e.g., the seminal work of Spielman and Teng on spectral sparsifiers [Spielman, Teng, SIAM Journal of Computing 40(4)], or the recent maximum flow breakthrough [Chen et al., FOCS'22], among others). We prove that any streaming algorithm that computes a sequence of (O(ϕ log n), ϕ)-expander decompositions requires Ω̃(n/ϕ) bits of space, even in insertion only streams.
@InProceedings{chen_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.46, author = {Chen, Yu and Kapralov, Michael and Makarov, Mikhail and Mazzali, Davide}, title = {{On the Streaming Complexity of Expander Decomposition}}, booktitle = {51st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2024)}, pages = {46:1--46:20}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-322-5}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2024}, volume = {297}, editor = {Bringmann, Karl and Grohe, Martin and Puppis, Gabriele and Svensson, Ola}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.46}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-201890}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2024.46}, annote = {Keywords: Graph Sketching, Dynamic Streaming, Expander Decomposition} }
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