The stabilizer rank of a quantum state ψ is the minimal r such that |ψ⟩ = ∑_{j = 1}^r c_j |φ_j⟩ for c_j ∈ ℂ and stabilizer states φ_j. The running time of several classical simulation methods for quantum circuits is determined by the stabilizer rank of the n-th tensor power of single-qubit magic states. We prove a lower bound of Ω(n) on the stabilizer rank of such states, improving a previous lower bound of Ω(√n) of Bravyi, Smith and Smolin [Bravyi et al., 2016]. Further, we prove that for a sufficiently small constant δ, the stabilizer rank of any state which is δ-close to those states is Ω(√n/log n). This is the first non-trivial lower bound for approximate stabilizer rank. Our techniques rely on the representation of stabilizer states as quadratic functions over affine subspaces of 𝔽₂ⁿ, and we use tools from analysis of boolean functions and complexity theory. The proof of the first result involves a careful analysis of directional derivatives of quadratic polynomials, whereas the proof of the second result uses Razborov-Smolensky low degree polynomial approximations and correlation bounds against the majority function.
@InProceedings{peleg_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.110, author = {Peleg, Shir and Volk, Ben Lee and Shpilka, Amir}, title = {{Lower Bounds on Stabilizer Rank}}, booktitle = {13th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2022)}, pages = {110:1--110:4}, series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-217-4}, ISSN = {1868-8969}, year = {2022}, volume = {215}, editor = {Braverman, Mark}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.110}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-157063}, doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2022.110}, annote = {Keywords: Quantum Computation, Lower Bounds, Stabilizer rank, Simulation of Quantum computers} }
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