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Space-Optimal Profile Estimation in Data Streams with Applications to Symmetric Functions

Authors Justin Y. Chen, Piotr Indyk, David P. Woodruff

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ACM Subject Classification
  • Theory of computation → Streaming, sublinear and near linear time algorithms
  • Theory of computation → Sketching and sampling
Keywords
  • Streaming and Sketching Algorithms
  • Sublinear Algorithms

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Abstract

We revisit the problem of estimating the profile (also known as the rarity) in the data stream model. Given a sequence of m elements from a universe of size n, its profile is a vector ϕ whose i-th entry ϕ_i represents the number of distinct elements that appear in the stream exactly i times. A classic paper by Datar and Muthukrishan from 2002 gave an algorithm which estimates any entry ϕ_i up to an additive error of ± ε D using O(1/ε² (log n + log m)) bits of space, where D is the number of distinct elements in the stream. 
In this paper, we considerably improve on this result by designing an algorithm which simultaneously estimates many coordinates of the profile vector ϕ up to small overall error. We give an algorithm which, with constant probability, produces an estimated profile ϕˆ with the following guarantees in terms of space and estimation error:  
b) For any constant τ, with O(1 / ε² + log n) bits of space, ∑_{i = 1}^τ |ϕ_i - ϕˆ_i| ≤ ε D. 
c) With O(1/ ε²log (1/ε) + log n + log log m) bits of space, ∑_{i = 1}^m |ϕ_i - ϕˆ_i| ≤ ε m.  In addition to bounding the error across multiple coordinates, our space bounds separate the terms that depend on 1/ε and those that depend on n and m. We prove matching lower bounds on space in both regimes.
Application of our profile estimation algorithm gives estimates within error ± ε D of several symmetric functions of frequencies in O(1/ε² + log n) bits. This generalizes space-optimal algorithms for the distinct elements problems to other problems including estimating the Huber and Tukey losses as well as frequency cap statistics.

Cite As Get BibTex

Justin Y. Chen, Piotr Indyk, and David P. Woodruff. Space-Optimal Profile Estimation in Data Streams with Applications to Symmetric Functions. In 15th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 287, pp. 32:1-32:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024) https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2024.32

Author Details

Justin Y. Chen
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Piotr Indyk
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
David P. Woodruff
  • Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Funding

  • Chen, Justin Y.: Supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 174530.
  • Indyk, Piotr: Supported by the NSF TRIPODS program (award DMS-2022448) and the Simons Investigator Award.
  • Woodruff, David P.: Supported in part by a Simons Investigator Award.

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