In order to formalize Distributed Ledger Technologies and their interconnections, a recent line of research work has formulated the notion of Distributed Ledger Object (DLO), which is a concurrent object that maintains a totally ordered sequence of records, abstracting blockchains and distributed ledgers. Through DLO, the Atomic Appends problem, intended as the need of a primitive able to append multiple records to distinct ledgers in an atomic way, is studied as a basic interconnection problem among ledgers. In this work, we propose the Distributed Grow-only Set object (DSO), which instead of maintaining a sequence of records, as in a DLO, maintains a set of records in an immutable way: only Add and Get operations are provided. This object is inspired by the Grow-only Set (G-Set) data type which is part of the Conflict-free Replicated Data Types. We formally specify the object and we provide a consensus-free Byzantine-tolerant implementation that guarantees eventual consistency. We then use our Byzantine-tolerant DSO (BDSO) implementation to provide consensus-free algorithmic solutions to the Atomic Appends and Atomic Adds (the analogous problem of atomic appends applied on G-Sets) problems, as well as to construct consensus-free Single-Writer BDLOs. We believe that the BDSO has applications beyond the above-mentioned problems.
@InProceedings{cholvi_et_al:OASIcs.FAB.2021.2, author = {Cholvi, Vicent and Fern\'{a}ndez Anta, Antonio and Georgiou, Chryssis and Nicolaou, Nicolas and Raynal, Michel and Russo, Antonio}, title = {{Byzantine-Tolerant Distributed Grow-Only Sets: Specification and Applications}}, booktitle = {4th International Symposium on Foundations and Applications of Blockchain 2021 (FAB 2021)}, pages = {2:1--2:19}, series = {Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)}, ISBN = {978-3-95977-196-2}, ISSN = {2190-6807}, year = {2021}, volume = {92}, editor = {Gramoli, Vincent and Sadoghi, Mohammad}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Dagstuhl, Germany}, URL = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.FAB.2021.2}, URN = {urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-139883}, doi = {10.4230/OASIcs.FAB.2021.2}, annote = {Keywords: Grow-only Sets, Distributed Ledgers, Blockchains, Atomic appends} }
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