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Documents authored by Becker, Maria

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Becker, Maria

Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.8
Exploiting Background Knowledge for Argumentative Relation Classification

Authors: Jonathan Kobbe, Juri Opitz, Maria Becker, Ioana Hulpuş, Heiner Stuckenschmidt, and Anette Frank

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 70, 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)

Abstract
Argumentative relation classification is the task of determining the type of relation (e.g., support or attack) that holds between two argument units. Current state-of-the-art models primarily exploit surface-linguistic features including discourse markers, modals or adverbials to classify argumentative relations. However, a system that performs argument analysis using mainly rhetorical features can be easily fooled by the stylistic presentation of the argument as opposed to its content, in cases where a weak argument is concealed by strong rhetorical means. This paper explores the difficulties and the potential effectiveness of knowledge-enhanced argument analysis, with the aim of advancing the state-of-the-art in argument analysis towards a deeper, knowledge-based understanding and representation of arguments. We propose an argumentative relation classification system that employs linguistic as well as knowledge-based features, and investigate the effects of injecting background knowledge into a neural baseline model for argumentative relation classification. Starting from a Siamese neural network that classifies pairs of argument units into support vs. attack relations, we extend this system with a set of features that encode a variety of features extracted from two complementary background knowledge resources: ConceptNet and DBpedia. We evaluate our systems on three different datasets and show that the inclusion of background knowledge can improve the classification performance by considerable margins. Thus, our work offers a first step towards effective, knowledge-rich argument analysis.
Cite as

Jonathan Kobbe, Juri Opitz, Maria Becker, Ioana Hulpuş, Heiner Stuckenschmidt, and Anette Frank. Exploiting Background Knowledge for Argumentative Relation Classification. In 2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 70, pp. 8:1-8:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{kobbe_et_al:OASIcs.LDK.2019.8,
  author =	{Kobbe, Jonathan and Opitz, Juri and Becker, Maria and Hulpu\c{s}, Ioana and Stuckenschmidt, Heiner and Frank, Anette},
  title =	{{Exploiting Background Knowledge for Argumentative Relation Classification}},
  booktitle =	{2nd Conference on Language, Data and Knowledge (LDK 2019)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:14},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-105-4},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{70},
  editor =	{Eskevich, Maria and de Melo, Gerard and F\"{a}th, Christian and McCrae, John P. and Buitelaar, Paul and Chiarcos, Christian and Klimek, Bettina and Dojchinovski, Milan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-103723},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.LDK.2019.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: argument structure analysis, background knowledge, argumentative functions, argument classification, commonsense knowledge relations}
}

Becker, Amariah

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2018.8
Polynomial-Time Approximation Schemes for k-center, k-median, and Capacitated Vehicle Routing in Bounded Highway Dimension

Authors: Amariah Becker, Philip N. Klein, and David Saulpic

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 112, 26th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2018)

Abstract
The concept of bounded highway dimension was developed to capture observed properties of road networks. We show that a graph of bounded highway dimension with a distinguished root vertex can be embedded into a graph of bounded treewidth in such a way that u-to-v distance is preserved up to an additive error of epsilon times the u-to-root plus v-to-root distances. We show that this embedding yields a PTAS for Bounded-Capacity Vehicle Routing in graphs of bounded highway dimension. In this problem, the input specifies a depot and a set of clients, each with a location and demand; the output is a set of depot-to-depot tours, where each client is visited by some tour and each tour covers at most Q units of client demand. Our PTAS can be extended to handle penalties for unvisited clients. We extend this embedding result to handle a set S of root vertices. This result implies a PTAS for Multiple Depot Bounded-Capacity Vehicle Routing: the tours can go from one depot to another. The embedding result also implies that, for fixed k, there is a PTAS for k-Center in graphs of bounded highway dimension. In this problem, the goal is to minimize d so that there exist k vertices (the centers) such that every vertex is within distance d of some center. Similarly, for fixed k, there is a PTAS for k-Median in graphs of bounded highway dimension. In this problem, the goal is to minimize the sum of distances to the k centers.
Cite as

Amariah Becker, Philip N. Klein, and David Saulpic. Polynomial-Time Approximation Schemes for k-center, k-median, and Capacitated Vehicle Routing in Bounded Highway Dimension. In 26th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 112, pp. 8:1-8:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{becker_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2018.8,
  author =	{Becker, Amariah and Klein, Philip N. and Saulpic, David},
  title =	{{Polynomial-Time Approximation Schemes for k-center, k-median, and Capacitated Vehicle Routing in Bounded Highway Dimension}},
  booktitle =	{26th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2018)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-081-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{112},
  editor =	{Azar, Yossi and Bast, Hannah and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2018.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-94710},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2018.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Highway Dimension, Capacitated Vehicle Routing, Graph Embeddings}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.3
A Tight 4/3 Approximation for Capacitated Vehicle Routing in Trees

Authors: Amariah Becker

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 116, Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018)

Abstract
Given a set of clients with demands, the Capacitated Vehicle Routing problem is to find a set of tours that collectively cover all client demand, such that the capacity of each vehicle is not exceeded and such that the sum of the tour lengths is minimized. In this paper, we provide a 4/3-approximation algorithm for Capacitated Vehicle Routing on trees, improving over the previous best-known approximation ratio of (sqrt{41}-1)/4 by Asano et al.[Asano et al., 2001], while using the same lower bound. Asano et al. show that there exist instances whose optimal cost is 4/3 times this lower bound. Notably, our 4/3 approximation ratio is therefore tight for this lower bound, achieving the best-possible performance.
Cite as

Amariah Becker. A Tight 4/3 Approximation for Capacitated Vehicle Routing in Trees. In Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 116, pp. 3:1-3:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{becker:LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.3,
  author =	{Becker, Amariah},
  title =	{{A Tight 4/3 Approximation for Capacitated Vehicle Routing in Trees}},
  booktitle =	{Approximation, Randomization, and Combinatorial Optimization. Algorithms and Techniques (APPROX/RANDOM 2018)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-085-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{116},
  editor =	{Blais, Eric and Jansen, Klaus and D. P. Rolim, Jos\'{e} and Steurer, David},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-94075},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.APPROX-RANDOM.2018.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Approximation algorithms, Graph algorithms, Capacitated vehicle routing}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2017.12
A Quasi-Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme for Vehicle Routing on Planar and Bounded-Genus Graphs

Authors: Amariah Becker, Philip N. Klein, and David Saulpic

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 87, 25th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2017)

Abstract
The Capacitated Vehicle Routing problem is a generalization of the Traveling Salesman problem in which a set of clients must be visited by a collection of capacitated tours. Each tour can visit at most Q clients and must start and end at a specified depot. We present the first approximation scheme for Capacitated Vehicle Routing for non-Euclidean metrics. Specifically we give a quasi-polynomial-time approximation scheme for Capacitated Vehicle Routing with fixed capacities on planar graphs. We also show how this result can be extended to bounded-genus graphs and polylogarithmic capacities, as well as to variations of the problem that include multiple depots and charging penalties for unvisited clients.
Cite as

Amariah Becker, Philip N. Klein, and David Saulpic. A Quasi-Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme for Vehicle Routing on Planar and Bounded-Genus Graphs. In 25th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 87, pp. 12:1-12:15, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{becker_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2017.12,
  author =	{Becker, Amariah and Klein, Philip N. and Saulpic, David},
  title =	{{A Quasi-Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme for Vehicle Routing on Planar and Bounded-Genus Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{25th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2017)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:15},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-049-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{87},
  editor =	{Pruhs, Kirk and Sohler, Christian},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2017.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-78781},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2017.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: Capacitated Vehicle Routing, Approximation Algorithms, Planar Graphs}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2017.8
Engineering an Approximation Scheme for Traveling Salesman in Planar Graphs

Authors: Amariah Becker, Eli Fox-Epstein, Philip N. Klein, and David Meierfrankenfeld

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 75, 16th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2017)

Abstract
We present an implementation of a linear-time approximation scheme for the traveling salesman problem on planar graphs with edge weights. We observe that the theoretical algorithm involves constants that are too large for practical use. Our implementation, which is not subject to the theoretical algorithm's guarantee, can quickly find good tours in very large planar graphs.
Cite as

Amariah Becker, Eli Fox-Epstein, Philip N. Klein, and David Meierfrankenfeld. Engineering an Approximation Scheme for Traveling Salesman in Planar Graphs. In 16th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2017). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 75, pp. 8:1-8:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2017)

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@InProceedings{becker_et_al:LIPIcs.SEA.2017.8,
  author =	{Becker, Amariah and Fox-Epstein, Eli and Klein, Philip N. and Meierfrankenfeld, David},
  title =	{{Engineering an Approximation Scheme for Traveling Salesman in Planar Graphs}},
  booktitle =	{16th International Symposium on Experimental Algorithms (SEA 2017)},
  pages =	{8:1--8:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-036-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2017},
  volume =	{75},
  editor =	{Iliopoulos, Costas S. and Pissis, Solon P. and Puglisi, Simon J. and Raman, Rajeev},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2017.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-76305},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.SEA.2017.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Traveling Salesman, Approximation Schemes, Planar Graph Algorithms, Algorithm Engineering}
}
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