4 Search Results for "Della Corte, Raffaele"

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.2

SlackCheck: A Linux Kernel Module to Verify Temporal Properties of a Task Schedule

Authors: Michele Castrovilli and Enrico Bini

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 298, 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)

Abstract

The Linux Kernel offers several scheduling classes. From SCHED_DEADLINE down to SCHED_FIFO, SCHED_RR and SCHED_OTHER, the scheduling classes can provide different responsiveness to very diverse user workloads. Still, Linux does not offer any mechanism to take some action upon the violation of temporal constraints at runtime. The lack of such a feature is also due to the difficulty of extending the established notion of deadline to workloads which are not releasing periodic/sporadic jobs. Exploiting the notion of supply functions for any resource schedule, we implemented SlackCheck, a kernel module which is capable to verify at runtime if a given task is assigned a desired amount of resource or not. SlackCheck adds a constant-time check at every scheduling decision and leverages the recent availability of a Runtime Verification engine in the kernel.

Cite as

Michele Castrovilli and Enrico Bini. SlackCheck: A Linux Kernel Module to Verify Temporal Properties of a Task Schedule. In 36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 298, pp. 2:1-2:24, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2024)

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@InProceedings{castrovilli_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.2,
  author =	{Castrovilli, Michele and Bini, Enrico},
  title =	{{SlackCheck: A Linux Kernel Module to Verify Temporal Properties of a Task Schedule}},
  booktitle =	{36th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2024)},
  pages =	{2:1--2:24},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-324-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2024},
  volume =	{298},
  editor =	{Pellizzoni, Rodolfo},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.2},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-203054},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2024.2},
  annote =	{Keywords: Linux scheduler, Runtime verification, bounded-delay resource partition, supply function, service curve, real-time calculus, network calculus}
}

Document

Artifact

DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.8.1.1

Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers (Artifact)

Authors: Marco Barletta, Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, and Raffaele Della Corte

Published in: DARTS, Volume 8, Issue 1, Special Issue of the 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)

Abstract

Real-time containers are a promising solution to reduce latencies in time-sensitive cloud systems. Recent efforts are emerging to extend their usage in industrial edge systems with mixed-criticality constraints. In these contexts, isolation becomes a major concern: a disturbance (such as timing faults or unexpected overloads) affecting a container must not impact the behavior of other containers deployed on the same hardware. In this artifact, we propose a novel architectural solution to achieve isolation in real-time containers, based on real-time co-kernels, hierarchical scheduling, and time-division networking. The architecture has been implemented on Linux patched with the Xenomai co-kernel, extended with a new hierarchical scheduling policy, named SCHED_DS, and integrating the RTNet stack. Experimental results, presented in the related scholarly paper, are promising in terms of overhead and latency compared to other Linux-based solutions. More importantly, the isolation of containers is guaranteed even in presence of severe co-located disturbances, such as faulty tasks (elapsing more time than declared) or high CPU, network, or I/O stress on the same machine.

Cite as

Marco Barletta, Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, and Raffaele Della Corte. Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 8, Issue 1, pp. 1:1-1:12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@Article{barletta_et_al:DARTS.8.1.1,
  author =	{Barletta, Marco and Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele},
  title =	{{Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{1:1--1:12},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{8},
  number =	{1},
  editor =	{Barletta, Marco and Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.8.1.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-164979},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.8.1.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-time, Mixed-criticality, Containers, Edge computing}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.15

Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers

Authors: Marco Barletta, Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, and Raffaele Della Corte

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 231, 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)

Abstract

Real-time containers are a promising solution to reduce latencies in time-sensitive cloud systems. Recent efforts are emerging to extend their usage in industrial edge systems with mixed-criticality constraints. In these contexts, isolation becomes a major concern: a disturbance (such as timing faults or unexpected overloads) affecting a container must not impact the behavior of other containers deployed on the same hardware. In this paper, we propose a novel architectural solution to achieve isolation in real-time containers, based on real-time co-kernels, hierarchical scheduling, and time-division networking. The architecture has been implemented on Linux patched with the Xenomai co-kernel, extended with a new hierarchical scheduling policy, named SCHED_DS, and integrating the RTNet stack. Experimental results are promising in terms of overhead and latency compared to other Linux-based solutions. More importantly, the isolation of containers is guaranteed even in presence of severe co-located disturbances, such as faulty tasks (elapsing more time than declared) or high CPU, network, or I/O stress on the same machine.

Cite as

Marco Barletta, Marcello Cinque, Luigi De Simone, and Raffaele Della Corte. Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers. In 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 231, pp. 15:1-15:23, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{barletta_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.15,
  author =	{Barletta, Marco and Cinque, Marcello and De Simone, Luigi and Della Corte, Raffaele},
  title =	{{Achieving Isolation in Mixed-Criticality Industrial Edge Systems with Real-Time Containers}},
  booktitle =	{34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2022)},
  pages =	{15:1--15:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-239-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{231},
  editor =	{Maggio, Martina},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.15},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-163328},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2022.15},
  annote =	{Keywords: Real-time, Mixed-criticality, Containers, Edge computing}
}

Document

DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2019.5

RT-CASEs: Container-Based Virtualization for Temporally Separated Mixed-Criticality Task Sets

Authors: Marcello Cinque, Raffaele Della Corte, Antonio Eliso, and Antonio Pecchia

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 133, 31st Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2019)

Abstract

This paper presents the notion of real-time containers, or rt-cases, conceived as the convergence of container-based virtualization technologies, such as Docker, and hard real-time operating systems. The idea is to allow critical containers, characterized by stringent timeliness and reliability requirements, to cohabit with traditional non real-time containers on the same hardware. The approach allows to keep the advantages of real-time virtualization, largely adopted in the industry, while reducing its inherent scalability limitation when to be applied to large-scale mixed-criticality systems or severely constrained hardware environments. The paper provides a reference architecture scheme for implementing the real-time container concept on top of a Linux kernel patched with a hard real-time co-kernel, and it discusses a possible solution, based on execution time monitoring, to achieve temporal separation of fixed-priority hard real-time periodic tasks running within containers with different criticality levels. The solution has been implemented using Docker over a Linux kernel patched with RTAI. Experimental results on real machinery show how the implemented solution is able to achieve temporal separation on a variety of random task sets, despite the presence of faulty tasks within a container that systematically exceed their worst case execution time.

Cite as

Marcello Cinque, Raffaele Della Corte, Antonio Eliso, and Antonio Pecchia. RT-CASEs: Container-Based Virtualization for Temporally Separated Mixed-Criticality Task Sets. In 31st Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 133, pp. 5:1-5:22, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{cinque_et_al:LIPIcs.ECRTS.2019.5,
  author =	{Cinque, Marcello and Della Corte, Raffaele and Eliso, Antonio and Pecchia, Antonio},
  title =	{{RT-CASEs: Container-Based Virtualization for Temporally Separated Mixed-Criticality Task Sets}},
  booktitle =	{31st Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2019)},
  pages =	{5:1--5:22},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-110-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{133},
  editor =	{Quinton, Sophie},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2019.5},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-107426},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2019.5},
  annote =	{Keywords: Containers, mixed-criticality, temporal separation, monitoring}
}

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