First-order Fragments with Successor over Infinite Words

Authors Jakub Kallas, Manfred Kufleitner, Alexander Lauser



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Jakub Kallas
Manfred Kufleitner
Alexander Lauser

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Jakub Kallas, Manfred Kufleitner, and Alexander Lauser. First-order Fragments with Successor over Infinite Words. In 28th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 2011). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 9, pp. 356-367, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2011)
https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2011.356

Abstract

We consider fragments of first-order logic and as models we allow finite and infinite words simultaneously. The only binary relations apart from equality are order comparison < and the successor predicate +1. We give characterizations of the fragments Sigma_2 = Sigma_2[<,+1] and FO^2 = FO^2[<,+1] in terms of algebraic and topological properties. To this end we introduce the factor topology over infinite words. It turns out that a language $L$ is in FO^2 cap Sigma_2 if and only if $L$ is the interior of an FO^2 language. Symmetrically, a language is in FO^2 cap Pi_2 if and only if it is the topological closure of an FO^2 language. The fragment Delta_2 = Sigma_2 cap Pi_2 contains exactly the clopen languages in FO^2. In particular, over infinite words Delta_2 is a strict subclass of FO^2. Our characterizations yield decidability of the membership problem for all these fragments over finite and infinite words; and as a corollary we also obtain decidability for infinite words. Moreover, we give a new decidable algebraic characterization of dot-depth 3/2 over finite words. Decidability of dot-depth 3/2 over finite words was first shown by Glasser and Schmitz in STACS 2000, and decidability of the membership problem for FO^2 over infinite words was shown 1998 by Wilke in his habilitation thesis whereas decidability of Sigma_2 over infinite words is new.
Keywords
  • infinite words
  • regular languages
  • first-order logic
  • automata theory
  • semi-groups
  • topology

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